{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:28:29Z","timestamp":1790965709130,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1113523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Triadimefon is an antifungal derived from triazole. In in vitro whole\u2010rodent embryo cultures, triazole\u2010derivatives showed specific teratogenic effects at the branchial apparatus. The aim of the present work was to test in vivo triadimefon (FON), in order to verify a relationship between triazole exposure, embryonic abnormalities, and\/or fetal malformations. <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Pregnant CD\u20101 mice were treated with 0\u2013300\u2009mg\/kg FON by gavage on day 8 post coitum (p.c.) at 10:00 <jats:sc>AM<\/jats:sc>, and sacrificed on day 8 p.c. at 1:00 <jats:sc>PM<\/jats:sc>, on day 9 p.c. at 10:00 <jats:sc>AM<\/jats:sc>, on day 10 p.c. at 10:00 <jats:sc>AM<\/jats:sc>, and at term of gestation (day 18 p.c.). At midgestation, the embryos were processed for specific immunostainings to visualize the hindbrain segmentation (day 8 p.c.) and the neural crest cell migration (days 8 and 9 p.c.). Fetuses explanted at term were all processed for skeletal examination after double\u2010staining of osseous and cartilaginous tissues. <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> At midgestation, the immunostaining of rhombomeres 3 and 5 showed a light scattering of the immunostained areas; the neural crest cell migration was unaffected, but their localization at the branchial arch level was abnormal. At term, several severe malformations were observed at the craniofacial and at the axial skeletal level. Ectopic cartilage was observed at the upper jaw. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Triadimefon is teratogenic. The observed craniofacial malformations could be explained by an alteration of the rhombomeric organization and neural crest migration to the branchial arches; the axial abnormalities could be explained by the abnormal segmental identity specification. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Res B<\/jats:italic> 74:185\u2013195, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T21:16:53Z","timestamp":1113599813000},"page":"185-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Craniofacial and axial skeletal defects induced by the fungicide triadimefon in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Menegola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Broccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erminio","family":"Giavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00572-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971031)72:3<253::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Dose finding embryotoxicity (including teratogenicity) study with KWG 0519 in the rabbit","author":"Becker H","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v7.i4.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330410001701585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"In vitro comparative study of the mechanisms involved in triazole\u2010derivative teratogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Di Renzo F","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Histonedeacetylases are new molecular targets whose inhibition can cause birth defects: evidence from structure\u2010activity relationship of valproic acid derivatives","volume":"17","author":"Eikel D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"724","article-title":"Hydroxamic acid derivatives of valproic acid: histonedeacetylase inhibition and pharmacokinetic profiles in mice","volume":"17","author":"Eikel D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Comparison of ketoconazole and fluconazole as cytochrome P\u2010450 inhibitors. 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