{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:38:19Z","timestamp":1790987899228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>Previous investigations reported no teratogenicity for methylphenidate (MPH). These studies investigated potential teratogenicity of d\u2010MPH and d,l\u2010MPH as commitments to the FDA.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>Rabbits received 15, 50, 150\u2009mg\/kg\/day (mkd) d\u2010MPH or 20, 60, 200, 300\u2009mkd d,l\u2010MPH on gestation days 7\u201320. Rats received 2.5, 10, 40\u2009mkd d\u2010MPH, or 7, 25, 75, 80\u2009mkd d,l\u2010MPH on gestation days 6\u201317.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>d\u2010MPH\u2014In rabbits, mortality occurred at 150\u2009mkd. Dilated pupils, increased activity, biting\/chewing, respiration, and salivation occurred at \u226515\u2009mkd in rabbits and \u226510\u2009mkd in rats. Decreased food consumption occurred at 40\u2009mkd in rats. Decreased body weight parameters occurred at 150\u2009mkd in rabbits and \u226510\u2009mkd in rats. There were no fetal findings in rabbits. In rats, skeletal variations occurred at 40\u2009mkd. d,l\u2010MPH\u2014In rabbits, mortality occurred at \u2265200\u2009mkd. Dilated pupils, increased activity, biting\/chewing, respiration, and salivation occurred at \u226520\u2009mkd in rabbits and \u226525\u2009mkd in rats. Decreased food consumption occurred at \u2265200\u2009mkd in rabbits and \u226525\u2009mkd in rats. Decreased body weight parameters occurred at \u2265200\u2009mkd in rabbits and \u226525\u2009mkd in rats. In rabbits, two fetuses (separate litters) had spina bifida and malrotated hindlimbs at 200\u2009mkd. In rats, skeletal variations occurred at \u226575\u2009mkd.<jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold>There was no teratogenicity with d\u2010MPH. There was a low teratogenic risk with d,l\u2010MPH in only the rabbit. Higher C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>may explain differences in results from previous studies.<jats:italic>Birth Defects Res (Part B)<\/jats:italic>83:489\u2010501, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T23:23:16Z","timestamp":1224112996000},"page":"489-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Developmental toxicity assessment of d,l\u2010Methylphenidate and d\u2010Methylphenidate in rats and rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Beckman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilynn","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Youreneff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis L.S.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02805984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"CERHR[Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction National Toxicology Program US Department of Health and Human Services].2005.NTP\u2010CERHR Monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of methylphenidate. 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