{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T19:24:10Z","timestamp":1778700250953,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) toxicity in rodents can be associated with disruptions in endocrine signaling. We previously reported that the penta\u2010BDE mixture, DE\u201071, disrupts thyroid hormones and vitamin A metabolism in rats during lactation, and that this disruption is amplified in animals fed diets marginal in vitamin A. The ability of the DE\u201071 to disrupt vitamin A metabolism during the prenatal period has not been evaluated. While penta\u2010BDE mixtures are not strong teratogens in pregnant animals fed standard commercial laboratory diets, we hypothesized that they could be teratogenic under conditions of marginal vitamin A status. <jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold>: rats were fed diets containing 0.4 retinyl equivalents (RE, marginal) or 4.0 RE (adequate) of vitamin A per gram of diet. Pregnant animals were exposed to DE\u201071 (0, 6, 18, 60, or 120\u2009mg\/kg) from gestation days (GD) 6\u201311.5, or on GD 6\u201319.5. <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>: DE\u201071 treatment resulted in dose\u2010responsive reductions in maternal thyroid hormone and markers of vitamin A metabolism, with the latter reduction amplified in marginal vitamin A dams. Fetuses from marginal vitamin A, DE\u201071\u2010exposed dams exhibited a dose\u2010responsive increase in liver retinol binding protein levels. DE\u201071 treatment did not result in gross malformations; however, consistent with our hypothesis, GD 20 fetal weights were lower, and skeletal ossification was less when DE\u201071 exposure occurred concomitant with a marginal vitamin A status. For several endpoints, observable effects were evident at the lowest dose tested, consistent with a dose\u2010response trend. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold>: The results of this study support the concept that marginal vitamin A status enhances the disruptive effects of DE\u201071 during prenatal development. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Research (Part B)<\/jats:italic> 86:48\u201057, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]],"date-time":"2009-01-14T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1231962166000},"page":"48-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effects of marginal maternal vitamin A status on penta\u2010brominated diphenyl ether mixture\u2010induced alterations in maternal and conceptal vitamin A and fetal development in the Sprague Dawley rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Ellis\u2010Hutchings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary N.","family":"Cherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn A.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl L.","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420200208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503770867219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61693-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.10045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102745E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00091-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS200071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.14.1661245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390802477452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5317(95)02002-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"EPA US.1986.Brominated Diphenyl ethers. 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