{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:35:20Z","timestamp":1778891720386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In developmental and reproductive toxicity studies, drinking water is a common means of delivering the test agent. Reduced consumption of toxicant\u2010containing water raises questions about indirect effects of reduced maternal fluid consumption resulting from unpalatability, versus direct effects of the test compound. Issues to consider include: objective assessment of dehydration and thirst, the relative contributions of innate and learned behaviors to drinking behavior and flavor preference, and the objective assessment of physiologic stress. Not only do lab animals under ad lib conditions consume more water than the minimum required to maintain fluid balance, animals faced with water restriction have substantial physiologic capacity for protection of metabolic processes. Measures of blood biochemistry can provide quantifiable, objective indications of fluid balance, but changes in these parameters could result from other causes such as effects of a test toxicant. Consummatory behaviors in response to perceived need are highly influenced by learning. Hence, the drinking behavior, water intake, and flavor acceptance\/preference of animals used in toxicology experiments could be subject to learning experiences with the test compound. Physiological symptoms of stress produced by water deprivation may be distinguishable from the symptoms associated with other generalized stressors, such as food deprivation, but doing so may be beyond the scope of most developmental or reproductive toxicity studies. Use of concurrent controls, paired to test groups for water consumption, could help distinguish between the direct effects of a test toxicant as opposed to effects of reduced water consumption alone. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Res (Part B)<\/jats:italic>, 86:157\u2013175, 2009. \u00a92009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T20:24:30Z","timestamp":1242764670000},"page":"157-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reduced water intake: Implications for rodent developmental and reproductive toxicity studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Marlissa A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari S.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poorni","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farla L.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Moran Messen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.132.1.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2001.03519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Effect of restricted water and water\u2010alcohol intake on weight gain and food consumption of rats","volume":"33","author":"Barboriak JJ","year":"1969","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100029111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.042739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(90)90122-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Best & Taylor's physiological basis of medical practice","author":"Brobeck J","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420090205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.34.3.407","article-title":"Effects of osmotic gradients across the primate placenta upon fetal and placental water contents","volume":"34","author":"Bruns PD","year":"1964","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/109158101750408064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00172-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(01)00033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Veterina, laboratory medicine","author":"Duncan J","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0742-8413(00)00105-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Normal drinking in rats","volume":"138","author":"Fitzsimons JT","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Physiol Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19950012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(86)80039-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Propylene dichloride (PDC): a two\u2010generation reproductive toxicity and dominant lethal mutagenicity study in rats","volume":"12","author":"Hanley TR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Principles and methods of toxicology","author":"Hayes AW","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Metabolic effects of water deprivation","volume":"24","author":"Hohenegger M","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Differential effects of two ways of devaluing the unconditioned stimulus after Pavlovian appetitive conditioning","volume":"5","author":"Holland PC","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Health effects of water restriction to motivate lever\u2010pressing in rats","volume":"44","author":"Hughes JE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"IIT Research Institute.1999.Two\u2010generation oral (drinking water) reproductive toxicity study of phenol in rats. (IITRI Project No L08657 Study No 2) Volume I. Chicago IL."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90465-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Animal welfare","author":"Kyriazakis I","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.19.5.810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90509-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Correlation of body weight gain with food and water consumption and spontaneous activity in rats","volume":"43","author":"Minematsu S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jikken Dobutsu"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00106-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00209-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00595-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Conditioned enhancement of flavor evaluation reinforced by intragastric glucose: II","volume":"74","author":"Myers KP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Taste reactivity analysis. Physiol Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00890-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program.1994. NTIS Technical Report. Report nr (NTIS\/PB95\u2010110193) (NTP\u2010TER\u201091022). Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program.1996a.Final report on the short term reproductive and developmental toxicity of chlorodibromo\u2010methane (CAS No. 124\u201048\u20101) administered in drinking water to sprague\u2010dawley rats. NTIS Technical Report (NTIS\/PB97\u2010111728) (NTP\u2010RDGT\u201094\u2010007). Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program.1996b.Sodium selenate: short term reproductive and developmental toxicity study when administered to Sprague\u2010Dawley rats in the drinking water\u2013final report volume 1. NTIS Technical Report (NTIS\/PB96\u2010190616) (NTP\u2010RDGT\u201094\u2010011\u2010V1). Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program.1998a.Final report on the short term reproductive and developmental toxicity of bromochloroacetic acid (CAS 5589\u201096\u20108) administered in drinking water to Sprague\u2010Dawley rats. NTIS Technical Report (NTIS\/PB98\u2010172414) (NTP\/RDGT\u201096001). Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program.1998b.Final report on the short term reproductive and developmental toxicity of tribromoacetic acid (CAS 75\u201096\u20107) administered in drinking water to Sprague\u2010Dawley rats. NTIS Technical Report (NTIS\/PB98\u2010165111) (NTP\/RDGT 94009). Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(79)90066-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"1200\u2010Rat Biosure study: Design and overview of results","author":"Roe FJC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00418.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(77)90024-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/109158101317097700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(87)90226-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","volume-title":"Toxicological Review of Phenol (CAS No. 108\u201095\u20102). EPA \/635\/R\u201002\/006","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00244-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0800049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.104.3.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"R423","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms for thirst in the nonhuman primate","volume":"242","author":"Wood RJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdrb.20196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrb.20196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T20:17:01Z","timestamp":1699906621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdrb.20196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdrb.20196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdrb.20196","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-9733","1542-9741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-9733","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-9741","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]]}}}