{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1760441139894},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC) is an example of a pesticide that when prepared for use in aqueous solution releases two toxic products carbon disulfide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) (active ingredient) and hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) in ambient air in equimolar concentrations resulting in potential exposure to workers and bystanders. CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S are pollutants that are generated from several pesticides as well as in industrial settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Registrant submitted reports and open literature studies for STTC, CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S were reviewed. Previous reports suggest that CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was a concern as a developmental and reproductive toxicant. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S was also examined since it is a neurotoxicant and potentially harmful to developing fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>STTC did not induce developmental or reproductive effects in animal studies. CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was a developmental neurobehavioral toxin in rat pups (inhalation no observed effect level [NOEL] = 0.01ppm). Reproductive effects occurred in male and female factory workers after CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>exposure (NOEL = 1ppm). H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S had developmental effects in rats at doses at or above those observed for nasal pathology (NOEL = 10ppm) but was not a reproductive or developmental toxin in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The database for CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>indicates a strong potential for developmental neurotoxicity in animals at low doses but it is lacking in acceptable, well\u2010performed studies. There is also a lack of studies performed with CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S as a mixture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T21:41:03Z","timestamp":1363383663000},"page":"119-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Review of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of CS<sub>2<\/sub>and H<sub>2<\/sub>S Generated by the Pesticide Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Branch Department of Pesticide Regulation California Environmental Protection Agency Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"ACGIH.2010.ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Available at:http:\/\/www.acgih.org\/resources\/press\/TLV2010list.htm. Accessed 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3894(86)85008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198505000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"ATSDR.1996.Toxicological profile for carbon disulfide. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available at:http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp82.html. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"ATSDR.2006.Toxicological profile for hydrogen sulfide. U.S. Dept of Hlth and Human Services. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (7\/06). Available at:http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp114.html. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448309128255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448409029321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Teratogenic\u2010mutagenic risk of workplace contaminants","author":"Beliles RP","year":"1980"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Effects of carbon disulphide on the liver of rats","volume":"26","author":"Bond EJ","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(69)90368-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262330002800213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Bronzan and Jones 1989.Food Safety Act of 1989. California Assembly Bill 2161. California Food and Agricultural Code Division 7 Chapter 2 Article 14 Section 13135."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"California Birth Defects Prevention Act. California Food and Agricultural Code Division 7 Chapter 2 Article 14 Section 13121\u201313135."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"California Proposition 65.1986.The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Available at:http:\/\/www.oehha.ca.gov\/prop65\/law\/P65law72003.html. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Cal\/OSHA.2012.Cal\/OSHA: California Occupational Safety and Health Administration California Department of Industrial Relations. Available at:http:\/\/www.dir.ca.gov\/Title8\/5155table_ac1.html. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"CARB.2006.Report on Pesticide Air Monitoring Around a Field Application of Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate in Kern County during November 2006. Prepared by Rider S (Air Pollution Specialist) Special Purpose Monitoring Section Air Quality Surveillance Branch Monitoring and Laboratory Division of the Air Resources Board California Environmental Protection Agency 1001 I St P.O. Box 2815 Sacramento CA 95812."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"CARB.2007.California Ambient Air Quality Data (1980\u20132005). Air Quality and Statistical Studies Section of the Air Quality Data Branch of the Planning and Technical Support Division of the Air Resources Board California Environmental Protection Agency 1001 I St P.O. Box 2815 Sacramento CA 95812. CD or DVD containing California Ambient Air Quality Data (1980 \u2013 2005). Available at:http:\/\/www.arb.ca.gov\/adam\/toxics\/toxics.html. Accessed 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"CCR.2009.California Code of Regulations (Title 3. Food and Agriculture); Division 6. Pesticides and Pest Control Operations; Chapter 4. Environmental Protection; Subchapter 2. Air Article 1. Toxic Air Contaminants"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: human health aspects","author":"Chou C\u2010HSJ","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Study of endocrinological functions and sexual behaviour in CS2 workers","volume":"69","author":"Cirla AM","year":"1978","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Health impairment in viscose\u2010rayon workers with carbon disulfide risk below 30 mg\/m3. An exposed\u2010controls study","volume":"3","author":"Cirla AM","year":"1981","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Skin absorption of CS2 vapor in rabbits. I. Associated changes in blood protein and zinc","volume":"17","author":"Cohen AE","year":"1958","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ind Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"711","volume-title":"Hazardous materials toxicology, clinical principles of environmental health","author":"Deng J\u2010F","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"DennyKH.1991.Developmental inhalation toxicity study of carbon disulfide in the New Zealand White rabbit. Pathology Associates Inc. Frederick Maryland; Protocol #: 121.05; Study #: 101.02; January 31 1991. DPR Volume\/record #: 1004\u20100002 246984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Carbon disulphide poisoning with increased ethereal sulphate excretion","volume":"25","author":"Djerassi LS","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Experimental investigations into the neurotoxicity and nasal toxicity of H2S in rats","volume":"1","author":"Dorman DC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00055-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"DPR.2010.California Code of Regulations (Title 3. Food and Agriculture); Division 6. Pesticides and Pest Control Operations. Chapter 4. Environmental Protection; Subchapter 2. Air; Article 1. Toxic Air Contaminants; 6860. Toxic Air Contaminants List. (b) The following pesticides are designated toxic air contaminants to implement Food and Agricultural Code Section 14021: Carbon disulfide generating pesticides. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdpr.ca.gov\/docs\/legbills\/calcode\/040201.htm. Accessed 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Registration Branch","author":"DPR","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Toxicology of CS2","author":"Dutkiewicz T.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Federal Register.2011.Federal Register Vol. 76 No. 38; Feb. 25thof 2011. The California pesticide registration for the fumigant Enzone\u2122 the sole product for the active ingredient sodium tetrathiocarbonate is going to be canceled by Feb. 25th 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01848263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408440903133770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90467-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"A relationship between hydrogen sulfide exposure and taurine levels in maternal rats","volume":"33","author":"Hannah RS","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc West Pharmacol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90864-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379000600303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","unstructured":"HolsonJF.1992.An assessment of reproduction in female rats exposed to CS2via inhalation (final report and amendment to the final report). WIL Research Laboratories Inc. Ashland OH Final Report: 9\/2\/92; Amendment: 11\/17\/92; WIL Project #: WIL\u2010186001; CDS\u20102.0\u2010REPRO\/WIL. Chemical Manufacturers Association Washington DC (Submitted by ELF Atochem North America Inc.); DPR DPN #: 51031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","volume-title":"Toxicological review of hydrogen sulfide","author":"IRIS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"Carbon disulfide (CASRN 75\u201015\u20100)","author":"IRIS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"Jones\u2010PriceC Wolkowski\u2010TylR MarrMC KimmelCO.1984a.Teratologic Evaluation of Carbon Dislulfide (CAS No. 75\u201015\u20100) Administered to CD Rats on Gestational Days 6 through 15 (NCTR #: 222\u201080\u20102031(c); Study Code #: Rt 81\u2010CS) Chemistry and Life Sciences Group Research Triangle Park and Perinatal and Postnatal Evaluation Branch National Center for Toxicological Research; Raleigh Durham and Chapel Hill NC and Jefferson AR; p 1\u2013180. February 24 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","unstructured":"Jones\u2010PriceC Wolkowski\u2010TylR MarrMC KimmelCO.1984b.Teratologic Evaluation of CS2(CAS No. 75\u201015\u20100) Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational Days 6 through 19 (NCTR #: 222\u201080\u20102031(c); Study Code #: Rt 81\u2010CS); Chemistry and Life Sciences Group Research Triangle Park and Perinatal and Postnatal Evaluation Branch National Center for Toxicological Research; Raleigh Durham and Chapel Hill NC and Jefferson AR; p 1\u2013229. February 24 1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90321-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379501100206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096032799678839608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Human sperm chromosome analysis\u2013Study on human sperm chromosome mutagenesis induced by carbon disulfide","volume":"9","author":"Le J\u2010Y","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomed and Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69928-3_100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"LiangY\u2010X ZhouSY ChenZQ WangYL.1988.Effects of occupational exposure to low level of carbon disulfide (CS2) on menstruation and pregnancy. Proceedings of the ICMR Seminar 0914\u20104404 Edition 8 p. 49\u201355. Singapore; October 4\u20137 1987."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"The effects of carbon disulfide on male sexual function and semen quality","volume":"26","author":"Ma J\u2010Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Carbon disulfide: II. A proposed mechanism for the action of carbon disulfide on dopamine \u03b2\u2010hydroxylase","volume":"202","author":"McKenna MJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198106000-00018"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: II. Toxicokinetics","volume":"19","author":"Moorman MP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12876J","article-title":"Sulfide concentrations in postmortem mammalian tissues","volume":"35","author":"Nagata T","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci JFSCA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"NIOSH.2012.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/carbon\u2010disulfide\/andhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/HydrogenSulfide\/. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","volume-title":"Acute exposure guideline levels for selected airborne chemicals","author":"NRC","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","unstructured":"OEHHA.1999.Acute toxicity summary: carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; carbon sulfide; dithiocarbonic anhydride) CAS 75\u201015\u20100. Available at:http:\/\/www.oehha.ca.gov\/air\/acute_rels\/pdf\/75150A.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","unstructured":"OEHHA.2000.Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines. Part III. Technical Support Document for the Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. Available at:http:\/\/www.oehha.ca.gov. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"OEHHA.2001.Chronic toxicity summary: carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; carbon sulfide; dithiocarbonic anhydride) CAS 75\u201015\u20100. Available at:http:\/\/www.oehha.ca.gov\/air\/chronic_rels\/pdf\/sum111401.pdf. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","volume-title":"OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration","author":"OSHA","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Carbon disulphide induced impairments in male reproductive system in rats","volume":"53","author":"Patel KG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Allied Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","volume-title":"Environmental fate of sodium tetrathiocarbonate","author":"Pino J","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","volume-title":"Estimation of exposure to persons in California to sodium tetrathiocarbonate and the degradation products, hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide","author":"Reeve I","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","volume-title":"Metam Sodium (Sodium N\u2010Methyldithiocarbamate) RISK CHARACTERIZATION DOCUMENT","author":"Rubin AL","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(89)90186-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","volume-title":"Teratology study in Albino rats with GY\u201081\/S","author":"Salamon CM","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","volume-title":"Teratology pilot study in Albino rabbits with GY\u201081\/S","author":"Salamon CM","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","volume-title":"Teratology study in Albino rabbits with GY\u201081\/S","author":"Salamon CM","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","volume-title":"Paternal exposure to carbon disulfide and spouse's pregnancy experience","author":"Selevan SG","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","volume-title":"SB 25: Senator Escutia","author":"Senate Bill 25","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","volume-title":"Sodium tetrathiocarbonate: risk assessment document (interim draft)","author":"Silva","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90094-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67729-8_51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(78)90086-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Carbon disulphide effect on the maternal organism during gestation","volume":"30","author":"Tabacova S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arh Hig Rada Tokiskol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Hazards for the progeny after maternal exposure to low carbon disulfide concentrations","volume":"3","author":"Tabacova S","year":"1981","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550030502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Absorption and elimination of CS2 in man","volume":"31","author":"Teisinger J","year":"1949","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(84)90033-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide: a follow\u2010up study of six patients","volume":"20","author":"Tvedt B","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment","author":"USEPA","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","unstructured":"USEPA.1997a.The Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) as Amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of August 3 1996. Docket#730L97001 (3\/97). Office of Pesticide Programs USEPA; Washington DC. Accessed 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","volume-title":"1996 Food Quality Protection Act Implementation Plan (3\/97) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7506C)","author":"USEPA","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","volume-title":"Health Effects Test Guidelines: Developmental Neurotoxicity (OPPTS 870.6300)","author":"USEPA","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","volume-title":"Sodium tetrathiocarbonte summary document: registration review, December, 2007","author":"USEPA","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","volume-title":"Sodium tetrathiocarbonate final work plan registration review, May 2008","author":"USEPA","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","unstructured":"USEPA.2012.Benchmark Dose Software (2.3.1).Available at:http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ncea\/bmds\/dwnldu.html#prod. Accessed 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00297130"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Epidemiological study of endocrinological effects of carbon disulfide. Arch Environ","volume":"48","author":"Vanhoorne M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Endocrinological studies of Finnish viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide","volume":"3","author":"Wager G","year":"1981","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398309530377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209 p","DOI":"10.1002\/0471231800","volume-title":"The principles of toxicology: environ and industrial applications","author":"Williams PL","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","unstructured":"YoungDG GreenJA.1988.Stabilized thiocarbonate solutions and the use thereof for controlling soil pests. US Patent 4 726 144. Date issued: 23 February."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(84)90333-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"The evaluation of developmental toxicity of chemicals exposed occupationally using whole embryo culture","volume":"41","author":"Zhao SF","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.26.203"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdrb.21036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrb.21036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T13:53:07Z","timestamp":1715089987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdrb.21036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdrb.21036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdrb.21036","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-9733","1542-9741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-9733","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-9741","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]}}}