{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:17:30Z","timestamp":1790140650802,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]],"date-time":"2013-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    After the outbreak of acute renal failure associated with melamine\u2010contaminated pet food, melamine and melamine\u2010related compounds have become of great interest from a toxicologic perspective. We investigated the potential effects of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid (M + CA, 1:1) on pregnant dams and embryo\u2010fetal development in rats. M + CA was orally administered to pregnant rats from gestational days 6 through 19 at doses of 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg\/kg\/day of both melamine and cyanuric acid. Maternal toxicity of rats administered 30 mg\/kg\/day M + CA was manifested as increased incidences of clinical signs and death; gross pathologic findings; higher blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels; lower body weight gain and food intake; decreased thymus weight; and increased heart, lung, and kidney weights. Histopathological examinations revealed an increase in the incidence of congestion, tubular necrosis\/degeneration, crystals, casts, mineralization, inflammatory cells in tubules, tubular dilation, and atrophy of glomeruli in maternal kidneys, whereas fetal kidneys did not show any histopathological changes. Developmental toxicity included a decrease in fetal (28%) and placental weights and a delay in fetal ossification (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 7). Increased incidence of gross and histopathological changes in the maternal kidney was also found in the middle dose group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12). No treatment\u2010related maternal or developmental effects were observed in the low dose group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12). Under these experimental conditions, M + CA is embryotoxic at an overt maternotoxic dose in rats and the no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect level of M + CA is considered to be 3 mg\/kg\/day for pregnant dams and 10 mg\/kg\/day for embryo\u2010fetal development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]],"date-time":"2013-12-09T14:56:44Z","timestamp":1386601004000},"page":"391-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid on Embryo\u2010Fetal Development in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sung\u2010Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u2010Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung\u2010Seon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong\u2010Woo","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Chun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong\u2010Choon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Evaluation of neonates born with intrauterine growth retardation: review and practice guidelines","volume":"18","author":"Alkalay AL","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00056-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230490465874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(98)00060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-006-0290-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520292609115636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801008s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods for research workers","author":"Fisher RA","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008101065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry","author":"Huthmacher K","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx900354z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841001455508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1703"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"On the question of the content of cyanuric acid and its monovalent sodium salt in the water of reservoirs","volume":"27","author":"Mazaev VT","year":"1962","journal-title":"Gig Sanit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(84)90314-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.1987.tb00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Microdissection method for detecting thoracic visceral malformations in mouse and rat fetuses","volume":"14","author":"Nishimura KA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cong Anom"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2011.27.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.9.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02308461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2333100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(70)80337-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization).2009.Toxicological and health aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid. Available at:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2009\/9789241597951_eng.pdf. Accessed October 21 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Teratology: principles and techniques","author":"Wilson JG","year":"1965"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdrb.21082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrb.21082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:15:41Z","timestamp":1696522541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdrb.21082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdrb.21082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdrb.21082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-9733","1542-9741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-9733","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-9741","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}