{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:13:08Z","timestamp":1771855988846,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the increasing smoking rate among women has resulted in higher rates of embryonic malformations, it is important to search for an efficient and inexpensive agent that can help reduce the rate of serious fetal anomalies caused by maternal cigarette smoking. In this study, the bioavailability of 4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol isolated from <jats:italic>Magnolia officinalis<\/jats:italic> was first demonstrated in the mouse embryos exposed to nicotine using a whole embryo culture system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mouse embryos on embryonic day 8.5 were cultured with 1 mM nicotine and\/or 4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> or 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u03bcM) for 48\u00a0hr and were analyzed on the viewpoints of embryo developmental changes, oxidative damages, and apoptotic and inflammatory changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Embryos exposed to 1 mM nicotine developed not only severe morphological anomalies, increased expressions of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, and caspase 3 mRNAs; and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, but also decreased levels of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, hypoxia inducible factor\u20101\u03b1, and B\u2010cell lymphoma\u2010extra large mRNAs, and reduced superoxide dismutase activity. However, these parameters were significantly improved when embryos exposed to the nicotine were concurrently treated with 4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> or 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u03bcM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that 4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol reduces serious embryo anomalies caused by nicotine in mouse embryos via the modulations of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, suggesting that 4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol may be a preventive and therapeutic agent against the dysmorphology induced by maternal smoking during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T23:19:01Z","timestamp":1396394341000},"page":"125-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["4\u2010O\u2010methylhonokiol Inhibits Serious Embryo Anomalies Caused by Nicotine via Modulations of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Min","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science College of Health of Welfare, Kyungwoon University Gumi South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Tae","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Kwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicological Research Division National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Chungwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayoung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicological Research Division National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Chungwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u2010Jeoung","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beom Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Won","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Yoon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University Cheongju South 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