{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:44:48Z","timestamp":1773236688160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Syngenta Crop Protection"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproductive toxicity of Atrazine (ATR) was evaluated in two rat multigenerational studies. Development of male reproductive parameters was evaluated in separate studies after prenatal or postnatal exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In multigenerational studies, rats received dietary concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100 or 500 ppm ATR. In separate studies in female rats, ATR was administered by gavage at 0, 1, 5, 25 or 125 mg\/kg\/day during pregnancy (GD6\u201321) or lactation (LD2\u201321). Plasma testosterone concentration, testicular and epididymal weights, and sperm counts were measured in male offspring on PND70 and 170.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the multigenerational studies, parental systemic toxicity occurred at 500 ppm (38.7 mg\/kg\/day), but reproductive endpoints were unaffected. In the prenatal study, maternal toxicity and embryo\u2010fetal mortality occurred at 125 mg\/kg\/day. In male offspring, testosterone levels and sperm counts were unaffected, although the percentage of abnormal sperm increased at 125 mg\/kg\/day (PND 70) and 25 mg\/kg\/day (PND170). In the postnatal study, maternal toxicity and reduced body weights of male offspring occurred at 125 mg\/kg\/day. Additionally, reduced testicular (PND70, PND170) and epididymal (PND70) weights and increased numbers of abnormal sperm (PND70, PND170) were seen, but no changes in plasma testosterone or sperm counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary administration of ATR did not affect rat reproduction up to a parentally toxic dose of 38.7 mg\/kg\/day. Some effects on male reproductive system development occurred after high dose, bolus administration to dams, but doses were much higher than expected under normal use conditions. Thus, oral RfDs for ATR would be protective for reproductive effects<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]],"date-time":"2014-05-02T20:57:25Z","timestamp":1399064245000},"page":"237-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Multigeneration Reproduction and Male Developmental Toxicity Studies on Atrazine in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"DeSesso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent  Alexandria Virginia"},{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Scialli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetra Tech Sciences  Arlington Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tacey E. K.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Breckenridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Crop Protection LLC  Greensboro North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2002.1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Statistical estimates and transformed beta variables","author":"Blom G","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374367-1.00079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(96)00054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/53.2.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.075713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.102277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(02)00019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.36.6.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082121499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1994.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Part II: toxicological evaluation of atrazine","author":"Joint FAO\/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues in Food (JMPR, 2007)","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2281082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.2.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT procedures guide for personal computers","author":"Luginbuhl RC","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2282717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(00)00111-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"OECD 416: two\u2010generation reproduction toxicity study","author":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01684788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308320275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.003020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05748-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor GW","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841099158169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/52.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(77)90157-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2001.tb02164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","volume-title":"Health effects test guidelines OPPTS 870.3800, reproduction and fertility toxicity effects","author":"USEPA","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","unstructured":"USEPA.2006.Triazine cumulative risk assessment.HED human health risk assessment in support of the reregistration eligibility decisions for atrazine simazine and propazine. PC Codes: 080808 080803 080807. DP 317976. Health Effects Division (7509C) Benefits and Economic Analysis Division (7503C) and Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C). March 28 2006. Office of Prevention Pesticides and Toxic Substances. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","unstructured":"USEPA.2010.Transmittal of meeting minutes of the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting on the draft framework and case studies on atrazine human incidents and the Agricultural Health Study: incorporation of epidemiology and human incident data into human health risk assessment. April 22 2010. p51\u201362. Available at:http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/scipoly\/sap\/meetings\/2010\/020210minutes.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","unstructured":"USEPA.2012.Basic information about atrazine in drinking water. Available at:http:\/\/water.epa.gov\/drink\/contaminants\/basicinformation\/atrazine.cfm#four. Accessed August 7 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012515400-0\/50050-6"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdrb.21106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrb.21106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdrb.21106","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrb.21106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:20:30Z","timestamp":1696551630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdrb.21106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdrb.21106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdrb.21106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-9733","1542-9741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-9733","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-9741","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,2]]}}}