{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:34:18Z","timestamp":1790775258672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]],"date-time":"2014-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD065200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD065200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) are antithyroid drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism. Despite the widespread use of PTU and MMI during pregnancy, modest clinical data and less animal data are available on the teratogenic potential of these drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the teratogenicity of in utero exposure to PTU or MMI in mice and rats. First, pregnant C57Bl\/6 mice were treated daily with PTU (10 or 100 mg\/kg), MMI (2 or 20 mg\/kg), or vehicle from gestation day (GD) 6 to 16. GD 18 fetuses were evaluated for gross and histopathological abnormalities. Next, pregnant Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were treated daily with PTU (50 or 100 mg\/kg), MMI (10 or 20 mg\/kg), or vehicle from GD 6 to 19, followed by evaluation for gross and histopathological abnormalities at GD 20.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In mice treated with PTU or MMI, no significant histopathological abnormalities or external gross malformations, and no adverse effects on placental weight, litter size, resorption rates, or fetal weight were observed at GD 18. In rats, no adverse effects on litter size, placental weights, or maternal body weights were observed with either PTU or MMI treatment. PTU treatment (50 and 100 mg\/kg) and MMI (10 mg\/kg) treatment resulted in a decrease in crown\u2010rump length in rat fetuses but no external gross malformations or histopathological abnormalities were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not observe either gross external malformations or histopathological malformations in mice or rats treated long\u2010term with high doses of PTU or MMI during pregnancy<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T17:36:51Z","timestamp":1404236211000},"page":"300-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity of Propylthiouracil and Methimazole"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Murali K.","family":"Mallela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan R.","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Wendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen J.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Rivkees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville 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