{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:12:01Z","timestamp":1760404321385},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt C"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The repeating pattern of the human vertebral column is shaped early in development, by a process called somitogenesis. In this embryonic process, pairs of mesodermal segments called somites are serially laid down along the developing neural tube. Somitogenesis is an iterative process, repeating at regular time intervals until the last somite is formed. This process lays down the vertebrate body axis from head to tail, making for a progression of developmental steps along the rostral\u2010caudal axis. In this review, the roles of the Notch, Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, retinoic acid and other pathways are described during the following key steps in somitogenesis: formation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and establishment of molecular gradients; prepatterning of the PSM by molecular oscillators; patterning of rostral\u2010caudal polarity within the somite; formation of somite borders; and maturation and resegmentation of somites to form musculoskeletal tissues. Disruption of somitogenesis can lead to severe vertebral birth defects such as spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD). Genetic studies in the mouse have been instrumental in finding mutations in this disorder, and ongoing mouse studies should provide functional insights and additional candidate genes to help in efforts to identify genes causing human spinal birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81:111\u2013120, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T14:53:30Z","timestamp":1183042410000},"page":"111-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genetic analysis of molecular oscillators in mammalian somitogenesis: Clues for studies of human vertebral disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Sewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenro","family":"Kusumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.9164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00055-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1217404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5257.1826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80212-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.Supplement.157","article-title":"Brachyury\u2014a gene affecting mouse gastrulation and early organogenesis","author":"Beddington RS","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.930601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.8.2583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/74307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(03)00116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80148-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.20171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.14.2829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.5.1533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1981.0157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01396-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(96)10025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(200001)22:1<72::AID-BIES12>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502933102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.12.2235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.21.2801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00437-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.7.1795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.19.3096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.291004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Control of somite number in normal and amputated mutant mouse embryos: an experimental and a theoretical analysis","volume":"45","author":"Flint OP","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01150-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012597951-1\/50009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-5781(06)80002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386717a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35016111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.24.4969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051290404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.103.3.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.8.1391","article-title":"The role of presenilin 1 during somite segmentation.","volume":"128","author":"Koizumi K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00080-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Abnormalities of somite development in the absence of retinoic acid","volume":"44","author":"Maden M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199709)210:1<53::AID-AJA6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.20.3955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0298-136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Inborn errors of development\u2014the molecular basis of clinical disorders of morphogenesis","author":"Miyamoto A","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.23.2911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250485597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.8.2196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.10.3291","article-title":"Disruption of the mouse RBP\u2010J kappa gene results in early embryonic death","volume":"121","author":"Oka C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80451-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81291-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(02)00085-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.14.1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.15.3437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.851501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.15.3633","article-title":"Morphological boundary forms by a novel inductive event mediated by Lunatic fringe and Notch during somitic segmentation","volume":"129","author":"Sato Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.9.2352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(99)00158-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.250603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.53.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2013-3_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Diverse requirements for Notch signalling in mammals","volume":"46","author":"Sparrow DB","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2000.6200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.11.3675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.14.1834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.2.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/78062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"The control of somitogenesis in mouse embryos","volume":"65","author":"Tam PP","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80093-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.5.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","first-page":"470","volume-title":"Inborn Errors of Development: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis","author":"Turnpenny PD","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/343657a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.117.4.1321","article-title":"Chimeric analysis of T (Brachyury) gene function","volume":"117","author":"Wilson V","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.24.3032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508238103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28625"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdrc.20091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdrc.20091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T18:12:52Z","timestamp":1700071972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdrc.20091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdrc.20091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdrc.20091","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-975X","1542-9768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-975X","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-9768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}