{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T04:43:33Z","timestamp":1745210613260},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]],"date-time":"2002-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine small radiation shields made to adhere to the case of mobile phones were tested at 914 and 1880 MHz. Five popular products were tested because advertisements typically claim they are up to 99% effective in blocking radio frequency (RF) radiation emitted from mobile phones. Also, four other conceptually unusual products were tested because advertisements typically claim they emit oscillations that counteract the RF radiation from mobile phones. Each shield was tested on the same mobile phone, and measurements were made to compare the absorption of RF energy in the head with and without each shield attached to the phone. The phone was positioned against a head model, and an automated measurement process was used to determine specific absorption rate (SAR) in the same way it is used at Motorola to test the compliance of mobile phones with respect to human exposure limits. The location of the peak SAR was not observed to change with any of the shields attached to the phone, and the 1 g, peak spatial average SAR did not change by any statistically significant amount. These results indicate the small shields are ineffective in reducing the exposure of the head to RF energy emitted by a mobile phone. Bioelectromagnetics 24:66\u201369, 2003. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,16]],"date-time":"2002-12-16T13:52:08Z","timestamp":1040046728000},"page":"66-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Testing the effectiveness of small radiation shields for mobile phones"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"J. Patrick","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. K.","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quirino","family":"Balzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.406605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.2001.Basic standard for the measurement of Specific Absorption Rate related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields from mobile phones (300 MHz to 3 GHz). EN 50361:2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1987.1133797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"FCC Federal Communications Commission.1997. Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.http:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/Bureaus\/Engineering_Technology\/Documents\/bulletins\/oet65\/oet65.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"IEC TC106 International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 106.2002.Procedure to determine the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for hand\u2010held mobile telephones in the frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz. Committee Draft 106\/24\/CD IEC 62209\/200X."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"IEEE SCC34 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Coordinating Committee 34.2002.Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial\u2010Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body Due to Wireless Communications Devices: Experimental Techniques. Draft CBD 1.0 IEEE Std P1528\u2010200X."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"ManningM DensleyM.2001. On the effectiveness of various types of mobile phone radiation shields.http:\/\/www.dti.gov.uk\/cii\/docs\/R500016att.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements.1981.Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields: Properties Quantities and Units Biophysical Interaction and Measurements. NCRP Report No. 67."}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.10076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.10076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T10:46:23Z","timestamp":1700217983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.10076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.10076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.10076","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,13]]}}}