{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:08:24Z","timestamp":1791058104777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1047427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low power millimeter wave (LP\u2010MW) irradiation has been successfully used in clinical practice as an independent and\/or supplemental therapy in patients with various diseases. It is still not clear, however, whether exposed skin is directly affected by repeated LP\u2010MW irradiation and whether cells of the epidermis can be activated by the absorbed energy. Keratinocytes, the most numerous component of the epidermis are believed to manifest functional responses to physical stimuli. In this study we analyzed whether LP\u2010MW irradiation modulated the production of chemokines, including RANTES and IP\u201010 of keratinocytes in vitro. We also investigated whether LP\u2010MW irradiation induces a heat stress reaction in keratinocytes, and stimulates heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) production. Vital staining of keratinocytes with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and ethidium bromide was used to analyze the MW effect on the viability of adherent cells. In addition, we studied the effect of LP\u2010MW irradiation on intercellular gap junctional communication in keratinocyte monolayers by Lucifer yellow dye transfer. We found no significant changes in constitutive RANTES and inducible IP\u201010 production following LP\u2010MW irradiation. LP\u2010MW exposure of keratinocyte monolayers did not alter Hsp70 production, unlike exposure to higher power MWs (HP\u2010MW) or hyperthermia (43\u2009\u00b0C; 1 h). LP\u2010MW irradiation and hyperthermia did not alter the viability of adherent keratinocytes, while HP\u2010MW irradiation induced cellular damage within the beam area. Finally, we found no alteration in the gap junctional intercellular communication of keratinocytes following LP\u2010MW irradiation, which on the other hand, was significantly increased by hyperthermia. In summary, we detected no harmful effect of LP\u2010MW irradiation on both keratinocyte function and structure in vitro, although these cells were sensitive to higher MW power that developed heat stress reaction and cellular damage. Our results provide further evidence that LP\u2010MW irradiation does not induce evidence of skin inflammation or keratinocyte damage and that its clinical application appears to be safe. 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