{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T01:43:45Z","timestamp":1700012625930},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]],"date-time":"2004-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The US National Electrical Code's (NEC) requirement to ground a home's electrical service to the residential water line results in a voltage between the water line and earth, <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>W\u2013E<\/jats:sub>. The voltage may result from ground return current that flows into the earth via the water line or from inductive effects from other sources of magnetic fields, such as transmission lines. This voltage can, in turn, serve as a source for <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>bath<\/jats:sub>, the voltage between the water fixtures and conductive drain pipes sunk into the earth beneath a residence. <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>bath<\/jats:sub> can be a source of contact current exposure to a child touching a water fixture while bathing. Previous research has suggested that exposure to these currents could be the basis for the association between power\u2010frequency magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. In this study, we assessed the association between measured <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>bath<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>W\u2013E<\/jats:sub> with the average spot\u2010measured magnetic field, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub>, in a sample of 191 single\u2010family residences in the Denver metropolitan area. This area was the source of cases and controls for previous studies of electric and magnetic field (EMF) and childhood cancer. The association of both <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>bath<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>W\u2013E<\/jats:sub> with <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub> had upward trends across magnetic field strata (&lt;0.1 \u03bcT (reference); 0.1\u2013&lt;0.3 \u03bcT; and \u22650.3 \u03bcT). In addition, <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>W\u2013E<\/jats:sub> was associated with <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>bath<\/jats:sub>. Without further study, these results cannot be applied to multi\u2010dwelling residences or to electrical systems prevalent in other nations. Nonetheless, when combined with the finding that contact current is a far more plausible candidate than the residential magnetic field for mediating biological effects on the basis of comparative dose to bone marrow, these associations indicate that contact current exposure deserves further study. Bioelectromagnetics 25:530\u2013536, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]],"date-time":"2004-09-16T22:01:19Z","timestamp":1095372079000},"page":"530-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of residential magnetic fields with contact voltage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Kavet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano E.","family":"Zaffanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dallapiazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1376"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Modeling of the different mechanisms of contact voltage generation that involve the residential electrical, plumbing, and drain systems","author":"Daigle JP","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.942592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116881"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010ionizing radiation, part 1: Static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (19\u201326 June, 2001)","author":"IARC","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10473220127412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:2<99::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Assessment of health effects from exposure to power\u2010line frequency electric and magnetic fields: Working group report","author":"NIEHS Working Group","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"The use of automatic wire coding to evaluate control selection bias in the Savitz et al. study","author":"Pearson RL","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.127101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1664-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Supplement to contractor's final report: Case\u2010control study of childhood cancer and residential exposure to electric and magnetic fields","author":"Savitz DA","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"History of residential grounding","author":"Stewart JR","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112681"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.20033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.20033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:31:51Z","timestamp":1697675511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.20033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.20033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.20033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,16]]}}}