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The latter applied a setup optimized for human volunteer studies in the context of risk assessment while the first two applied a modified commercial mobile phone for which detailed dosimetric data were lacking. While the Zurich Setup exposed the entire cortex of the target hemisphere, the other two setups resulted in only very localized exposure of the upper cheek, and concentrated on a limited area of the middle temporal gyrus just above the ear. The resulting peak spatial SAR averaged over 1 g of the cortex was 0.19 W\/kg of the Swinburne Setup, and 0.31 W\/kg for the Turku Setup, compared to 1 W\/kg for the Zurich Setup. The average exposure of the thalamus was 5% and 9% of the Zurich Setup results for the Swinburne and Turku Setups, respectively. In general, the phone\u2010based setup results in only reasonably defined exposures in a very limited area around the maximum exposure; the exposure of the rest of the cortex was low, and may vary greatly as a function of the setup, position, and local anatomy. The analysis confirms the need for a carefully designed exposure setup that exposes the relevant brain areas to a well\u2010defined level in human volunteer studies, and shows that studies can only be properly compared and replicated if sufficiently detailed dosimetric information is available. Bioelectromagnetics 29:11\u201319, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T16:46:37Z","timestamp":1186764397000},"page":"11-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Dosimetric evaluation and comparison of different RF exposure apparatuses used in human volunteer studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mentine M.","family":"Boutry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Achermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Romann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Keshvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Kuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00770-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1921","article-title":"Appropriate modeling of the ear for compliance testing of handheld MTE with SAR safety limits at 900\/1800 MHz","volume":"48","author":"Burkhardt M","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2003.1282180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00215-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ETSI\u20103GPP.2005.Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Radio transmission and reception (3 gpp ts 05.05 version 8.20.0 release 1999). 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