{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:08:24Z","timestamp":1791058104751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large\u2010scale in vitro study focusing on low\u2010level radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile radio base stations employing the International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT\u20102000) cellular system was conducted to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields affect malignant transformation or other cellular stress responses. Our group previously reported that DNA strand breaks were not induced in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W\u2010CDMA) radiation up to 800 mW\/kg from mobile radio base stations employing the IMT\u20102000 cellular system. In the current study, BALB\/3T3 cells were continuously exposed to 2.1425 GHz W\u2010CDMA RF fields at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 80 and 800 mW\/kg for 6 weeks and malignant cell transformation was assessed. In addition, 3\u2010methylcholanthrene (MCA)\u2010treated cells were exposed to RF fields in a similar fashion, to assess for effects on tumor promotion. Finally, the effect of RF fields on tumor co\u2010promotion was assessed in BALB\/3T3 cells initiated with MCA and co\u2010exposed to 12\u2010O\u2010tetradecanoylphorbol\u201013\u2010acetate (TPA). At the end of the incubation period, transformation dishes were fixed, stained with Giemsa, and scored for morphologically transformed foci. No significant differences in transformation frequency were observed between the test groups exposed to RF signals and the sham\u2010exposed negative controls in the non\u2010, MCA\u2010, or MCA plus TPA\u2010treated cells. Our studies found no evidence to support the hypothesis that RF fields may affect malignant transformation. Our results suggest that exposure to low\u2010level RF radiation of up to 800 mW\/kg does not induce cell transformation, which causes tumor formation. Bioelectromagnetics 29:55\u201364, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T15:17:53Z","timestamp":1186759073000},"page":"55-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mobile phone base station radiation does not affect neoplastic transformation in BALB\/3T3 cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Suhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sekijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Nojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Miyakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/6.6.859"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3577358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3578172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:3<237::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2001.670401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(85)90052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6280280"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell transformation and standardization of transformation assays of established cell lines for the prediction of carcinogenic chemicals: Overview and recommended protocols","volume":"45","author":"IARC\/NCI\/EPA Working Group","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)","volume":"74","author":"ICNIRP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250160309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/095530096145814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2002.700207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2003)159[0693:NEFGEF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00074-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2001)155[0239:NTICCA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.8.1887"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.20362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.20362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T17:31:48Z","timestamp":1699983108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.20362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.20362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.20362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]}}}