{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:35:16Z","timestamp":1774344916585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,27]],"date-time":"2007-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1190851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat\u2010shock protein (<jats:italic>hsp16\u20101<\/jats:italic>) promoter in the nematode, <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>. The RF fields used in the <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> study were much weaker (SAR 5\u201340 mW\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR \u223c2 W\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). To resolve this disparity, we have exposed the same transgenic <jats:italic>hsp16\u20101<\/jats:italic>::<jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic> strain of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> (PC72) to higher intensity RF fields (1.8 GHz; SAR \u223c1.8 W\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). For both continuous wave (CW) and Talk\u2010pulsed RF exposures (2.5 h at 25 \u00b0C), there was no indication that RF exposure could induce reporter expression above sham control levels. Thus, at much higher induced RF field strength (close to the maximum permitted exposure from a mobile telephone handset), this particular nematode heat\u2010shock gene is not up\u2010regulated. However, under conditions where background reporter expression was moderately elevated in the sham controls (perhaps as a result of some unknown co\u2010stressor), we found some evidence that reporter expression may be reduced by \u223c15% following exposure to either Talk\u2010pulsed or CW RF fields. Bioelectromagnetics 29:92\u201399, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,27]],"date-time":"2007-09-27T16:50:53Z","timestamp":1190911853000},"page":"92-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W\/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce <i>hsp16\u20101<\/i> heat\u2010shock gene expression in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Dawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reetta","family":"Nylund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Leszczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Kuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"De Pomerai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Non\u2010thermal biological effects of microwaves","volume":"11","author":"Belyaev I","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microwave Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3531.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000600771549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:7<499::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620220114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.09.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JBC-100104139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-006-0038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.39.24646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2002.700207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1379\/1466-1268(1999)004<0235:DOOSRI>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505581200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(96)01173-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200600076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3561.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"SchudererJ OeschW KusterN.2002.In vitro exposure setup for risk assessment studies at 1800 MHz enabling flexible modulation schemes and blinded protocols. 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