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This paper fills the gap by systematically and critically reviewing electric\u2010fields literature and by comparing overall strength of evidence for electric versus magnetic fields. The review of possible mechanisms does not provide any specific basis for focusing on electric fields. While laboratory studies of electric fields are few, they do not indicate that electric fields should be the exposure of interest. The existing epidemiology on residential electric\u2010field exposures and appliance use does not support the conclusion of adverse health effects from electric\u2010field exposure. Workers in close proximity to high\u2010voltage transmission lines or substation equipment can be exposed to high electric fields. While there are sporadic reports of increase in cancer in some occupational studies, these are inconsistent and fraught with methodologic problems. Overall, there seems little basis to suppose there might be a risk for electric fields, and, in contrast to magnetic fields, and with a possible exception of occupational epidemiology, there seems little basis for continued research into electric fields. Bioelectromagnetics 31:89\u2013101, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]],"date-time":"2009-07-31T13:55:30Z","timestamp":1249048530000},"page":"89-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extremely low frequency electric fields and cancer: Assessing the evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Leeka","family":"Kheifets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Renew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Sias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"AGNIR.2004.Particle Deposition in the Vicinity of Power Lines and Possible Effects on Health: Report of an independent Advisory Group on Non\u2010ionising Radiation and its Ad Hoc Group on Corona Ions."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250110408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.6.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620591034646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.10.1385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7517.635-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199606000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-PAS.1977.32480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/2\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/4\/315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008825220759"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7503.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"EPRI.2008.Evaluation of Electric Field Exposure Assessment Methods. 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