{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:51:48Z","timestamp":1790873508521,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]],"date-time":"2011-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are public concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or cancer\u2010promoting effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF\u2010EMFs) because of the extensive use of wireless mobile phones and other telecommunication devices in daily life. However, so far it is unclear if non\u2010thermal exposure of single EMF exposure in animal studies has a direct influence on carcinogenesis. Here, carcinogenic effects of combined signal RF\u2010EMFs on AKR\/J mice, which were used for the lymphoma animal model, were investigated. Six\u2010week\u2010old AKR\/J mice were simultaneously exposed to two types of RF signals: single code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). AKR\/J mice were exposed to combined RF\u2010EMFs for 45\u2009min\/day, 5 days\/week, for a total of 42 weeks. The whole\u2010body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of CDMA and WCDMA fields was 2.0\u2009W\/kg each, 4.0\u2009W\/kg in total. When we examined final survival, lymphoma incidence, and splenomegaly incidence, no differences were found between sham\u2010 and RF\u2010exposed mice. However, occurrence of metastasis infiltration to the brain in lymphoma\u2010bearing mice was significantly different in RF\u2010exposed mice when compared to sham\u2010exposed mice, even though no consistent correlation (increase or decrease) was observed between male and female mice. However, infiltration occurrence to liver, lung, and spleen was not different between the groups. From the results, we suggested that simultaneous exposure to CDMA and WCDMA RF\u2010EMFs did not affect lymphoma development in AKR\/J mice. Bioelectromagnetics  32:485\u2013492, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]],"date-time":"2011-03-23T14:41:45Z","timestamp":1300891305000},"page":"485-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR\/J mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hae\u2010June","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeung Bae","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae\u2010Seon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Ki","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Do","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Sil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.21.1652"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2000)153[0627:LALIIR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.1970.11980429","article-title":"Tables of sample sizes in the analysis of variance","volume":"2","author":"Bratcher TI","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Qual Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20538"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013144"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.2.551.551","article-title":"Detection of residual leukemia by the polymerase chain reaction and sequence\u2010specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for AKR leukemia: A murine model for minimal residual disease","volume":"81","author":"Drobyski WR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Experimental studies on lymphomatosis of mice","volume":"19","author":"Furth J","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400903094125"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.9.2947","article-title":"Termination of the B cell lymphoma dormant state in thymectomized AKR mice","volume":"148","author":"Haran\u2010Gher N","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"An epidemiological review of mobile telephones and cancer","volume":"56","author":"Hoskote SS","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"IARC working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 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