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This raises the question as to whether other sources of sensory stimuli may also modulate these magnetic effects. We investigated the possible role of olfaction in the magnetically induced effects on sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli and heart rate (HR) in restraint\u2010stressed homing pigeons exposed to an Earth\u2010strength, irregularly varying (&lt;1\u2009Hz) magnetic field. The magnetic treatment decreased the nociceptive threshold in normally smelling birds and an opposite effect was observed in birds made anosmic by nostril plugging. Conversely, no differential effect of olfactory deprivation was observed on HR, which was reduced by the magnetic treatment both in smelling and anosmic pigeons. The findings highlight an important role of olfactory environmental information in the mediation of magnetic effects on nociception, although the data cannot be interpreted unambiguously because of the lack of an additional control group of olfactory\u2010deprived, non\u2010magnetically exposed pigeons. The differential effects on a pigeon's sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus and HR additionally indicate that the magnetic stimuli affect nociception and the cardiovascular system in different ways. Bioelectromagnetics 33:309\u2013319, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]],"date-time":"2011-09-28T02:24:02Z","timestamp":1317176642000},"page":"309-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential magnetic field effects on heart rate and nociception in anosmic pigeons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Del Seppia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Resi","family":"Mencacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Luschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Varanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ghione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6166045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90784-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(200001)21:1<34::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250150306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.71.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250130403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250160504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400590909022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-007-0236-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Interaction of biological systems with static and ELF electric and magnetic fields. 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