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Male rats were exposed to single code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) RF signals for 12 weeks. The RF exposure schedule comprised 45\u2009min\/day, 5 days\/week for a total of 12 weeks. The whole\u2010body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of CDMA and WCDMA was 2.0\u2009W\/kg each or 4.0\u2009W\/kg in total. We then investigated the correlates of testicular function such as sperm count in the cauda epididymis, testosterone concentration in the blood serum, malondialdehyde concentrations in the testes and epididymis, frequency of spermatogenesis stages, and appearance of apoptotic cells in the testes. We also immunoblotted for p53, bcl2, GADD45, cyclin G, and HSP70 in the testes of sham\u2010 and combined RF\u2010exposed animals. Based on the results, we concluded that simultaneous exposure to CDMA and WCDMA RF\u2010EMFs at 4.0\u2009W\/kg SAR did not have any observable adverse effects on rat spermatogenesis. Bioelectromagnetics  33:356\u2013364, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T18:26:44Z","timestamp":1319048804000},"page":"356-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The effects of simultaneous combined exposure to CDMA and WCDMA electromagnetic fields on rat testicular function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hae\u2010June","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeung 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