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Epidemiology and in vivo studies were evaluated according to an agreed protocol; quality criteria were used to evaluate the studies for narrative synthesis but not for meta\u2010analyses or pooling of results. The epidemiology study results were heterogeneous, with sparse data on long\u2010term use (\u226510 years). Meta\u2010analyses of the epidemiology studies showed no statistically significant increase in risk (defined as <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for adult brain cancer or other head tumors from wireless phone use. Analyses of the in vivo oncogenicity, tumor promotion, and genotoxicity studies also showed no statistically significant relationship between exposure to RF fields and genotoxic damage to brain cells, or the incidence of brain cancers or other tumors of the head. Assessment of the review results using the Hill criteria did not support a causal relationship between wireless phone use and the incidence of adult cancers in the areas of the head that most absorb RF energy from the use of wireless phones. There are insufficient data to make any determinations about longer\u2010term use (\u226510 years). Bioelectromagnetics  33:187\u2013206, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]],"date-time":"2011-10-21T13:35:32Z","timestamp":1319204132000},"page":"187-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Systematic review of wireless phone use and brain cancer and other head tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Repacholi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lerchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"R\u00f6\u00f6sli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenon","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anssi","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Breckenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"d'Inzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lagroye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lahkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1857","article-title":"Spontaneous and nitrosourea\u2010induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed to frequency\u2010modulated microwave fields","volume":"60","author":"Adey WR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. 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