{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:48:34Z","timestamp":1787903314903,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch ZonMw Foundation for Biomedical Research in the Programme EMF and Health","award":["85100004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["85100004"]}]},{"name":"Dutch ZonMw Foundation for Biomedical Research in the Programme EMF and Health","award":["8550095001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8550095001"]}]},{"name":"Dutch ZonMw Foundation for Biomedical Research in the Programme EMF and Health","award":["85800003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["85800003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The objective of this study is to investigate possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF\u2010EMF) as used in modern wireless telecommunication in a well\u2010controlled experimental environment using chicken embryo development as animal model. Chicken eggs were incubated under continuous experimental exposure to GSM (1.8\u2009GHz), DECT (1.88\u2009GHz), UMTS (2.1\u2009GHz), and WLAN (5.6\u2009GHz) radiation, with the appropriate modulation protocol, using a homogeneous field distribution at a field strength of approximately 3\u2009V\/m, representing the maximum field level in a normal living environment. Radiation\u2010shielded exposure units\/egg incubators were operating in parallel for exposed and control eggs in a climatized homogeneous environment, using 450 eggs per treatment in three successive rounds per treatment. Dosimetry of the exposure (field characteristics and specific absorption rate) were studied. Biological parameters studied included embryo death during incubation, hatching percentage, and various morphological and histological parameters of embryos and chicks and their organs, and gene expression profiles of embryos on day 7 and day 18 of incubation by microarray and qPCR. No conclusive evidence was found for induced embryonic mortality or malformations by exposure to the used EMFs, or for effects on the other measured parameters. Estimated differences between treatment groups were always small and the effect of treatment was not significant. In a statistical model that ignored possible interaction between rounds and exposure units, some of the many pairwise comparisons of exposed versus control had <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values lower than 0.05, but were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:186\u2013203, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T16:52:17Z","timestamp":1484585537000},"page":"186-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Study of potential health effects of electromagnetic fields of telephony and Wi\u2010Fi, using chicken embryo development as animal model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Henri","family":"Woelders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lourens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Stockhofe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research Lelystad the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometris Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Hulsegge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirkjan","family":"Schokker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"van Heijningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Vossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, The Hague Den Haag the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Bekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, The Hague Den Haag the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Zwamborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, The Hague Den Haag the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X0101000503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The Atlas of Chick Development","author":"Bellairs R","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2290687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000410001702346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/440437a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2007.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1997.0162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9574.1994.tb01428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"EU Directive.2004. Directive 2004\/108\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing directive 89\/336\/EEC (Text with EEA relevance). Official J EU 31.12.2004 L 390\/24. Available fromhttp:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1452854566245&uri=CELEX:32004L0108[Last accessed 20 October 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/27.842819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000262572.64418.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(97)00035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2013.March.15.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JBC-100104139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"The Hatchability of Chicken Eggs as Influenced by Environment and Heredity. Monograph 1 (Revised)","author":"Landauer W.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3476.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2002.700207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.4.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models","author":"McCulloch CE","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67147-9","article-title":"Organization, nucleotide sequence, and transcription of the chicken HSP70 gene","volume":"261","author":"Morimoto RI","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields; Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields","author":"Paunesku T","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"R Development Core Team.2011. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna Austria: the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.R-project.org\/[Last accessed 20 October 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Environ Health Perspect","volume":"114","author":"Regel SJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"UMTS base station\u2010like exposure, well\u2010being, and cognitive performance"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03244-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420430616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.3.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/78.4.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Radar Systems","author":"Skolnik MI.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2003)159[0685:TCICEE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00238-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.1.2.2434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","volume-title":"GenStat for Windows","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.819487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:7<514::AID-BEM7>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","volume-title":"Effects of Global Communication System Radio\u2010Frequency Fields on Well Being and Cognitive Functions of Human Subjects With and Without Subjective Complaints","author":"Zwamborn APM","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.22026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.22026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T02:06:50Z","timestamp":1696644410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.22026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.22026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.22026","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]}}}