{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T19:59:15Z","timestamp":1694116755947},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002141","name":"Public Health England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Laboratory measurements of electric fields have been carried out around examples of smart meter devices used in Great Britain. The aim was to quantify exposure of people to radiofrequency signals emitted from smart meter devices operating at 2.4\u2009GHz, and then to compare this with international (ICNIRP) health\u2010related guidelines and with exposures from other telecommunication sources such as mobile phones and Wi\u2010Fi devices. The angular distribution of the electric fields from a sample of 39 smart meter devices was measured in a controlled laboratory environment. The angular direction where the power density was greatest was identified and the equivalent isotropically radiated power was determined in the same direction. Finally, measurements were carried out as a function of distance at the angles where maximum field strengths were recorded around each device. The maximum equivalent power density measured during transmission around smart meter devices at 0.5\u2009m and beyond was 15\u2009mWm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, with an estimation of maximum duty factor of only 1%. One outlier device had a maximum power density of 91\u2009mWm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>. All power density measurements reported in this study were well below the 10\u2009W\u2009m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> ICNIRP reference level for the general public. Bioelectromagnetics. 2017;38:280\u2013294. \u00a9 2017 Crown copyright. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T10:25:59Z","timestamp":1490178359000},"page":"280-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exposure to electromagnetic fields from smart utility meters in GB; part I) laboratory measurements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Peyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Addison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Mee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Goiceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myron","family":"Maslanyj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Dosimetry Department Public Health England Chilton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"ETSI EN 300 328 V1.7.1.2006. Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4\u2009GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive pp 10\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/15\/N01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"GirnaraK ZombolasH WoodA.2011. AMI Meter Electromagnetic Field Survey. Final Report Document Number M110736. 20 October 2011. Keilor Park Australia: EMC Technologies."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"IEEE Std 802.15.4.2011. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks\u2014 Part 15.4: Low\u2010Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR\u2010WPANs). New York New York: IEEE Computer Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"NIST.1994. Guidelines for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST measurement results. In Taylor BN Kuyatt CE (editors). National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note 1297. Washington DC: United States Department of Commerce."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"NPL.2004. A Guide to Power Flux Density and Field Strength Measurement. Teddington United Kingdom: The Institute of Measurement and Control."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e318200e203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"SMIPP (Smart Metering Implementation Programme).2012. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/65685\/7339\u2010exp\u2010doc\u2010support\u2010smets1.pdf[Last accessed 20 October 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncr468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterization of radiofrequency field emissions from smart meters","volume":"23","author":"Tell AR","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"UKAS.2002. The Expression of Uncertainties in EMC Testing UKAS Publication LAB 34. 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