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The question, therefore, arises as to whether exposure to these radiofrequencies (RFs) could lead to deleterious effects on the body's biological systems and health. In the current article, we review the effects, in laboratory animals and humans, of exposure to RF on two hormones considered as endocrine markers: melatonin, a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland and cortisol, a glucocorticosteroid synthesized by the adrenal glands. These two hormones are also considered as markers of the circadian system. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Web of Sciences (ISI Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, and EMF Portal. From this review on RF effects on cortisol and melatonin, it appears that scientific papers in the literature are conflicting, showing effects, no effects, or inconclusive data. This implies the need for additional research on higher numbers of subjects and with protocols perfectly controlled with follow\u2010up studies to better determine whether the chronic effect of RF on the biological functioning and health of users exists (or not). Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:5\u201317. \u00a9 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T18:14:57Z","timestamp":1606328097000},"page":"5-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association Between Mobile Phone Radiation Exposure and the Secretion of Melatonin and Cortisol, Two Markers of the Circadian System: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahim","family":"Selmaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Toxicology Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)  Verneuil\u2010en\u2010Halatte France"},{"name":"P\u00e9riTox Laboratory, UMR\u2010I 01 INERIS Picardie Jules Verne University  Amiens France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Touitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild Unit\u00e9 de Chronobiologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-017-0886-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"ANSES.2013.Radiofr\u00e9quence et sant\u00e9. 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