{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:39:38Z","timestamp":1785058778640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The placenta protects the fetus against excessive stress\u2010associated maternal cortisol during pregnancy. We studied whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF\u2010EMF) radiation during pregnancy can cause changes in dams and their placentas. Pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into cage\u2010control, sham\u2010exposed, and RF\u2010exposed groups. They were exposed to RF\u2010EMF signals at a whole\u2010body specific absorption rate of 4\u2009W\/kg for 8\u2009h\/day from gestational Day 1 to 19. Levels of cortisol in the blood, adrenal gland, and placenta were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone were monitored in maternal blood. Expression levels of placental 11\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (<jats:italic>11\u03b2\u2010HSD2<\/jats:italic>) messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Morphological changes in the placenta were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Fetal parts of the placenta were measured using Zen 2.3 blue edition software. Maternal cortisol in circulating blood (RF: 230\u2009\u00b1\u200924.6\u2009ng\/ml and Sham: 156\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u2009ng\/ml) and the adrenal gland (RF: 58.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009ng\/ml and Sham: 30\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009ng\/ml) was significantly increased in the RF\u2010exposed group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Placental cortisol was stably maintained, and the level of placental <jats:italic>11\u03b2\u2010HSD2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was not changed in the RF\u2010exposed group. RF\u2010EMF exposure during pregnancy caused a significant elevation of cortisol levels in circulating blood; however, no changes in the placental barrier were observed in pregnant rats. Bioelectromagnetics. \u00a9 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T22:59:30Z","timestamp":1612393170000},"page":"191-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biological Effects of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on the Placental Barrier in Pregnant Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4734-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung\u2010Do","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radio 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