{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:08:39Z","timestamp":1789772919756,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal development is vital in the human lifespan. Therefore, it is essential to characterize exposure by a series of typical environmental magnetic and electromagnetic fields. In particular, there has recently been a sharp increase in the twin birth rate. However, lack of appropriate models has prohibited dosimetric evaluation, restricting characterization of the impact of these environmental factors on twins. The present study developed two whole\u2010body pregnant models of 31 and 32 weeks of gestation with twin fetuses and explored several typical exposure scenarios, including 50\u2010Hz uniform magnetic field exposure, local 125\u2010kHz magnetic field (MF), and 13.56\u2010MHz electromagnetic field exposure, as well as wideband planewave radiofrequency (RF) exposure from 20 to 6000\u2009MHz. Finally, dosimetric results were derived. Compared to the singleton pregnancy with similar weeks of gestation, twin fetuses were overexposed at 50\u2010Hz uniform MF, but they were probably underexposed in the RF scenarios with frequencies for wireless communications. Furthermore, the twin fetuses manifested large dosimetric variability compared to the singleton, which was attributed to the incident direction and fetal position. Based on the analysis, the dosimetric results over the entire gestation period were estimated. The results can be helpful to estimate the risk of twin\u2010fetal exposure to electromagnetic fields and examine the conservativeness of the international guidelines.\u00a9 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T07:45:46Z","timestamp":1646207146000},"page":"160-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of Twin Fetal Exposure to Environmental Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9894-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/11\/009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/7\/1815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10013-008-0002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/4\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/16\/4583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/10\/003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/9\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.2001.Std EN 50357\u20102001 Evaluation of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Devices Used in Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Similar Applications Brussels Belgium:European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/4\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"HasgallPA Di GennaroF BaumgartnerC NeufeldE LloydB GosselinMC PayneD Klingenb\u00f6ckA KusterN.2018. 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