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Thirty\u2010six\u00a0Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, control group, and PEMFs group. The sciatic nerves were transected except for the control group. One month later, the nerve ends of the former two groups were reconnected. PEMFs group of rats was subjected to PEMFs thereafter. Control group and sham group received no treatment. Four and 8 weeks later, morphological and functional changes were measured. Four and eight weeks postoperatively, compared to sham group, the sciatic functional indices (SFIs) of PEMFs group were higher. More axons regenerated distally in PEMFs group. The fiber diameters of PEMFs group were larger. However, the axon diameters and myelin thicknesses were not different between these two groups. The brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were higher in PEMFs group after 8 weeks. Semi\u2010quantitative IOD analysis for the intensity of positive staining indicated that there were more BDNF, VEGF, and NF200 in PEMFs group. It's concluded that PEMFs have effect on the axonal regeneration after delayed nerve repair of one month. The upregulated expressions of BDNF and VEGF may play roles in this process. \u00a9 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T07:59:31Z","timestamp":1686124771000},"page":"133-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Delayed Repair of One Month"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Zhu","family":"Keyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China"},{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 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