{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:41:42Z","timestamp":1770968502759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9423,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In previous experiments changes were found in calcium\u2010ion efflux from chickbrain tissue that had been exposed in vitro to 147\u2010MHz radiation across a specific range of power densities when the field was amplitude modulated at 16 Hz. In the present study, 50\u2010MHz radiation, similarly modulated as a sinusoid, was found to produce changes in calcium\u2010ion efflux from chick brains exposed in vitro in a Crawford cell. Exposure conditions were optimized to broaden any power\u2010density window and to enhance the opportunity to detect changes in the calcium\u2010ion efflux. The results of a power\u2010density series demonstrated two effective ranges: One spanning a range from 1.44 to 1.67 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and the other including 3.64 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, which were bracketed by no\u2010effect results at 0.72, 2.17, and 4.32 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Peaks of positive findings are associated with near\u2010identical rates of energy absorption: 1.4 \u03bcW\/g at 147 MHz, and 1.3 \u03bcW\/g at 50 MHz, which indicates that the enhanced\u2010efflux phenomenon is more dependent on the intensity of fields in the brain than on the power density of incident radiation. In addition, the phenomenon appears to occur at multiples of some, as yet unknown, rate of radiofrequency (RF) energy absorption. Because of the extremely small increments of temperature associated with positive findings (&lt; 4 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u00b0C), and the existence of more than one productive absorption rate, a solely thermal explanation appears extremely unlikely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T11:20:43Z","timestamp":1139052043000},"page":"277-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Calcium\u2010ion efflux from brain tissue: Power\u2010density versus internal field\u2010intensity dependencies at 50\u2010MHz RF radiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"C. F.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Benane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. T.","family":"Joines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1975.324547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Models of long\u2010range order in cerebral macromolecules: Effects of ELF, VHF and UHF fields. Abstracts of scientific papers, 1977 International Symposium on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Waves","author":"Bawin SM","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS014i06Sp00093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"DurneyCH JohnsonCC BarberPW MassondiH IskanderMF LordsJL RyserDK AllenSJ MitchellJC(1978): \u201cRadiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook \u201d Ed 2. Report SAM\u2010TR\u201078\u201322 USAF School of Aerospace Medicine Aerospace Medical Division (AFSC) Brooks AFB TX. Springfield Virginia: NTIS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JoinesWT BlackmanCF(1980a):Power density field intensity and carrier frequency determinants of RF\u2010energy\u2010induced calcium\u2010ion efflux from brain tissue. Bioelectromagnetics (this issue).","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JoinesWT BlackmanCF HollisMA(1980b):Broadening of the RF Power\u2010Density Window for Calcium\u2010ion Efflux from Brain Tissue IEEE Trans BioMed Eng (submitted).","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1981.324829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Dielectric and Electronic Properties of Biological Materials","author":"Pethig R","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1978.1129357"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.2250010304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.2250010304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T05:34:51Z","timestamp":1697693691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.2250010304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.2250010304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.2250010304","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}}}