{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:19:46Z","timestamp":1790903986431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7596,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have previously shown that 16\u2010Hz, sinusoidal electromagnetic fields can cause enhanced efflux of calcium ions from chick brain tissue, in vitro, in two intensity regions centered on 6 and 40 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m. Alternatively, 1\u2010Hz and 30\u2010Hz fields at 40 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m did not cause enhanced efflux. We now demonstrate that although there is no enhanced efflux associated with a 42\u2010Hz field at 30, 40, 50, or 60 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m, a 45\u2010Hz field causes enhanced efflux in an intensity range around 40 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m that is essentially identical to the response observed for 16\u2010Hz fields. Fields at 50 Hz induce enhanced efflux in a narrower intensity region between 45 and 50 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m, while radiofrequency carrier waves, amplitude modulated at 50 Hz, also display enhanced efflux over a narrow power density range. Electromagnetic fields at 60 Hz cause enhanced efflux only at 35 and 40 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m, intensities slightly lower than those that are effective at 50 Hz. Finally, exposures over a series of frequencies at 42.5 V<jats:sub>p\u2010p<\/jats:sub>\/m reveal two frequency regions that elicit enhanced efflux\u2014one centered on 15 Hz, the other extending from 45 to 105 Hz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250060102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T19:52:57Z","timestamp":1138996377000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Effects of ELF (1\u2013120 Hz) and modulated (50 Hz) RF fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"C. F.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Benane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. T.","family":"Joines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1981.61.2.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1981-0157.ch016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250030302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"AliJS WeilCM(1983): Radiofrequency radiation exposure facilities for bio\u2010effects research. EPA\u2010600\/2\u201083\u2010018 March (NTIS PB83\u2010229591) 54 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1983.tb00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.6.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.12.6314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS014i06Sp00093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1981-0157.ch017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3575923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/296253a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/261256a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS012i06Sp00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250020413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1981.324829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Electrically mediated growth mechanisms in living systems","author":"Liboff AR","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250030303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250040308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"295a","article-title":"Effects of low\u2010frequency amplitude modulated radio\u2010frequency waves on the calcium efflux of the heart","volume":"41","author":"Schwartz JL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250020307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1978.1129357"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.2250060102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.2250060102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:54:01Z","timestamp":1697892841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.2250060102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.2250060102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.2250060102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]}}}