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Epidemiologic studies have yielded positive correlations between magnetic\u2010 and\/or electric\u2010field strengths in local environments and the incidence of depression\u2010related suicide. Chronic exposure to ELF electric or magnetic fields can disrupt normal circadian rhythms in rat pineal serotonin\u2010N\u2010acetyltransferase activity as well as in serotonin and melatonin concentrations. Such disruptions in the circadian rhythmicity of pineal melatonin secretion have been associated with certain depressive disorders in human beings. In the rat, ELF fields may interfere with tonic aspects of neuronal input to the pineal gland, giving rise to what may be termed \u201cfunctional pinealectomy.\u201d If long\u2010term exposure to ELF fields causes pineal dysfunction in human beings as it does in the rat, such dysfunction may contribute to the onset of depression or may exacerbate existing depressive disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250090211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T11:46:59Z","timestamp":1139053619000},"page":"195-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Chronic exposure to elf fields may induce depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bary W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","series-title":"23rd Annual Hanford Life Science Symposium, October 2\u20134, 1984, Richland, Washington CONF\u2010841041","volume-title":"Interaction of Biological Systems With Static and ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields","author":"Adey WR","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00480040043003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195711072571904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2099-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"718","article-title":"Chronic exposure to 60\u2010Hz electric fields: Effects on serotonin and metabolites in the rat pineal","volume":"7","author":"Anderson LE","year":"1981","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","series-title":"Special Publication #10","first-page":"1966","volume-title":"Hygiene of Labor and Professional Diseases. 5","author":"Asanova TE","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings, Commission of the European Community Joint Research Center","author":"Bernard JH","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0410451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Exposure of mammalians to strong 50\u2010Hz electric fields: Effect on heart's and brain's electrical activity","volume":"70","author":"Blanchi C","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Fisiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-08-02010.1984","article-title":"Sympathetic reinnervation of the pineal gland after postganglionic nerve lesion does not restore normal pineal function","volume":"4","author":"Bowers CW","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Chemical Neurobiology: An Introduction to Neurochemistry","author":"Bradford HF","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS014i06Sp00209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1215","article-title":"A chronobiological study of melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed subjects: Plasma melatonin, a biochemical marker in major depression","volume":"19","author":"Claustrat B","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Aspects of Human Efficiency","author":"Colquhoun WP","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"DuffyPH EhretCF(1982): Effects of intermittent 60\u2010Hz electric field exposure: Circadian phase shifts splitting torpor and arousal responses in mice. 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