{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:08:22Z","timestamp":1774364902308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6135,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have previously reported that in vitro exposure of chick forebrain tissue to 50\u2010MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation, amplitude modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, would enhance the efflux of calcium ions within only two power\u2010density ranges: one from 1.44 to 1.67 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and the other including 3.64 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. No effect on efflux occurred at 0.37, 0.72, 2.17, and 4.32 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. We confirmed and extended these results by testing at another set of power densities, which included the range of the previous study. Forebrain tissue from 1\u20137\u2010day\u2010old chickens was labeled in vitro with radioactive calcium ions (30 min, at 37 \u00b0C), rinsed, placed in a physiological salt solution, and then exposed for 20 min to 50\u2010MHz radiation, AM at 16 Hz, in a transverse electric and magnetic field (TEM) cell maintained at 37 \u00b0C. The solution was then assayed for radioactive calcium activity. A power\u2010density series was tested. An enhanced efflux of calcium ions was found at 1.75, 3.85, 5.57, 6.82, 7.65, 7.77, and 8.82 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; no change was observed at 0.75, 2.30, 4.50, 5.85, 7.08, 8.19, 8.66, 10.6, and 14.7 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Power density is converted to specific absorption rate (SAR) by 0.36 mW\/kg per mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Even the highest SAR tested (0.005 W\/kg) is much too low to result in generalized heating of the sample and thus to be the underlying cause of the enhanced response. A hypothetical mechanism is proposed involving dynamic systems that may account for the power\u2010density dependency as well as for part of the frequency dependency observed with both modulated RF radiation and extremely\u2010low\u2010frequency (ELF) fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250100202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T19:55:32Z","timestamp":1138996532000},"page":"115-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Multiple power\u2010density windows and their possible origin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"C. 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