{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1747975571312},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,24]],"date-time":"2005-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4314,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Exposure systems that provide good magnetic field uniformity, minimum stray fields, and minimal heating, vibration, and hum, as well as capability for true sham exposure in which current flows in the coils, are needed to determine rigorously the biological effects of weak magnetic fields. Designs based on acrylic polymer coil support structures and twisted pair bifilary coil windings were employed to fabricate several different systems for the exposure of laboratory animals and cell cultures to magnetic fields. These systems exhibit excellent performance characteristics in terms of exposure field uniformity, stray field containment, and exposure field cancellation in the sham exposure mode. A custom\u2010written computer program was used to determine the best arrangement for coils with regard to field uniformity in the exposure volume and stray field containment. For in vivo exposures, modules were made up of four Merritt four\u2010coil sets, built into a single structure and positioned to form an octapole with fields directed in the horizontal plane. For in vitro applications, two different coil configurations were selected to produce the vertical fields required. A quadrupole system, comprising modules consisting of two Merritt four\u2010coil sets arranged side by side to limit stray fields, was built as a prototype. In the second configuration, one Merritt four\u2010coil set was positioned inside the other to form a concentric coil set. In both in vitro systems, exposure chambers were connected to remote commercial incubators in order to reduce ambient magnetic fields in the exposure volume. An active field cancellation circuit was developed for reducing ambient AC magnetic fields in the in vitro sham exposure chamber, when necessary. These design and fabrication approaches provide systems that offer uniform field exposures and excellent stray field containment when needed and are portable, washable, and relatively inexpensive. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.<\/jats:p><\/jats:fn>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250150610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T21:48:48Z","timestamp":1139003328000},"page":"563-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Design and fabrication of well confined uniform magnetic field exposure systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bary W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Caputa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Stuchly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Saffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin E.","family":"Washam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd G.","family":"Washam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn R.","family":"Washam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"CaputaK StuchlyMA: (1993)Optimization of magnetic field exposure systems. Abstract from the Annual Review of Research on Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields From the Generation Delivery and Use of Electricity Savannah GA October 31\u2013November 4 1993 p64."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250130507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1137480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Elements of Electromagnetics","author":"Sadiku MNO","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250120502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"WilsonBW SafferJD(1992):Design fabrication and testing of a low cost uniform field magnetic coil exposure system. Abstract from the Annual Review of Research of Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields from the Generation Delivery and Use of Electricity San Diego November 8\u201312 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"WilsonBW DavisKC SafferJD StuchlyM CaputaK WilsonMA WashamC(1993)Design and construction of optimized uniform stray\u2010field limited magnetic field exposure systems. Abstract from the Annual Review of Research on Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields from the Generation Delivery and Use of Electricity Savannah GA October 31\u2013November 4 1993."}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.2250150610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.2250150610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T01:02:29Z","timestamp":1698195749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.2250150610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.2250150610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.2250150610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}