{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:28:11Z","timestamp":1790796491127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3944,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of microwave energy for ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction was examined in open\u2010chest dogs. Using a specially designed microwave catheter and a 2450 MHz generator, microwave energy was delivered to the AV junction according to one of two protocols. In protocol 1, increasing amounts of energy were delivered until irreversible AV block occurred. In protocol 2, only two applications of energy were used, one at low energy and the other at an energy found to be high enough to cause irreversible AV block. Each dog received between one and six applications of microwave energy. The amount of energy delivered per application ranged from 25.6 to 311.4 J. No AV block was seen at 59.4 \u00b1 28.3 J. Reversible AV block was seen with an energy of 120.6 \u00b1 58 J. Irreversible AV block was seen at 188.1 \u00b1 75.9 J. Irreversible AV block could be achieved in each animal. There was no difference in the energy required to cause irreversible AV block between the two protocols. The tissue temperature measured near the tip of the microwave catheter was correlated with both the amount of energy delivered and the extent of AV block caused. Histologic examination demonstrated coagulation necrosis of the conduction system. Microwave energy is a feasible alternative energy source for myocardial ablation. Since tissue damage is due exclusively to heating and the resulting rise in temperature can be measured, microwave energy may have advantages over currently existing energy sources in terms of both titrating delivered energy and monitoring the extent of tissue destruction. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250160205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,4]],"date-time":"2006-02-04T00:50:51Z","timestamp":1139014251000},"page":"97-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Microwave ablation of the atrioventricular junction in open\u2010chest dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Beckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hariman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroja","family":"Bharati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Lev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"612A","article-title":"Production of reversible and irreversible atrioventricular block by microwave energy","volume":"76","author":"Beckman KJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.62.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.4.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1987.tb04981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.4.1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198201283060402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38388-6","article-title":": Alteration of antegrade atrioventricular conduction by cryoablation of peri\u2010atrioventricular nodal tissue","volume":"88","author":"Holman WL","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1765-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80388-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.5.1562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-2-234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1985.tb05874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction with radiofrequency energy","volume":"88","author":"Langberg JJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb06481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"99A","article-title":"Transvenous ablation of the atrio\u2010ventricular junction in humans with high\u2010frequency energy","volume":"9","author":"Lavergne T","year":"1987","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.71.3.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.5.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Pathology Annual","author":"Lev M","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Hyperthermia","author":"Lin JC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3386-2_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"LinJC BeckmanKJ HarimanRJ(1989):Microwave ablation for tachycardia. Seattle WA: IEEE\/EMBS Int Conf Proc pp1141\u20131142."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19940682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(86)80019-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.6.2093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.6.2607","article-title":"Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia guided by a Purkinjie potential","volume":"88","author":"Nakagawa H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80045-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92456-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90084-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330070039027","article-title":"Catheter\u2010induced ablation of the atrioventricular junction to control refractory superventricular arrhythmias","volume":"248","author":"Scheinman MM","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90327-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1990.tb06862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"791","article-title":"Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular system in patients with supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"58","author":"Wood DL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbem.2250160205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bem.2250160205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T06:43:58Z","timestamp":1695883438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bem.2250160205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bem.2250160205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.2250160205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-8462","1521-186X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-8462","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-186X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}