{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:51:19Z","timestamp":1780512679829,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011710","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study focused on investigating the bioeffects of extremely low\u2010frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF\u2010EMFs) on the immune function of the spleen. We designed an electromagnetic instrument that can locally target on spleen, the spleens of mice were locally exposed to the ELF\u2010EMF (50\u2009Hz, 30\u2009mT) for 14 days (4\u2009h\/day). Parallelly, the isolated splenic T cells were exposed to ELF\u2010EMF (50\u2009Hz, 15\u2009mT) for 2\u2009h. After the exposure, the splenocyte showed a reduced apoptosis rate. Among the splenocytes, the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and natural killer cells accumulated, the percentage of B cells decreased. In vitro study demonstrated that ELF\u2010EMF induced the alteration of T cell subsets, showing an increased percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and a decreased percentage of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Within CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, the population of T helper (Th) 17 cells increased, and the population of regulatory T cells (Treg) cells decreased. The enrichment of the nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB pathway in the splenic T cells was found to be reduced after exposure to ELF\u2010EMF. Our findings suggest that ELF\u2010EMF regulated the immune function of the spleen by changing the proportion of immune cells in the spleen. Specifically, the differentiation of spleen T cells was induced by ELF\u2010EMF toward Th17 cells and inhibited by ELF\u2010EMF into Treg cells. The NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway probably accounts for the effects of ELF\u2010EMF on the spleen T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T07:46:07Z","timestamp":1734507967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extremely low\u2010frequency electromagnetic fields targeting spleen modifies the populations of immunocytes in the spleen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sijia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 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