{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:43:43Z","timestamp":1785840223025,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the potential impact of fifth\u2010generation (5\u2009G) radiofrequency (RF) on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Electrocardiograms (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943) and salivary samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200933) were collected from healthy young volunteers before, during, and after exposure to a 3.5\u2009GHz frequency (electrical field intensity ~1\u20132\u2009V\/m) emitted by an antenna while participants were seated at rest. Heart\u2010rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices, including time and frequency domain measures, were analyzed from short\u2010term epochs during both \u201creal\u201d and \u201csham\u201d exposure sessions, under eyes\u2010open (EO) and eyes\u2010closed (EC) conditions. Initial variations in RR intervals and HR were observed during 5\u2009G exposure; however, these effects were not confirmed by post\u2010hoc analyses after correction for multiple comparisons, suggesting the absence of consistent exposure\u2010related modulation. The only statistically significant result was a time\u2010by\u2010exposure interaction for the RMSSD parameter during the final exposure period. This effect was small in magnitude, limited to a single time point, and not supported by other parasympathetic indices, and should therefore be interpreted cautiously as it may reflect normal physiological variability or a statistical artifact. No consistent exposure\u2010related effects were detected in salivary stress biomarkers, including cortisol, alpha\u2010amylase, and chromogranin A. Although minor variations were observed in some measures, all values remained within normal physiological ranges, and their clinical relevance remains uncertain. These findings are restricted to the specific experimental conditions examined, namely short\u2010term far\u2010field exposure (25.5\u2009min) at low specific absorption rate (SAR) levels (0.008\u2009mW\/kg in the brain). Overall, the results provide preliminary baseline human data at 3.5\u2009GHz rather than confirmatory evidence of biological effects. Further studies involving larger cohorts and longer exposure durations are required to determine whether subtle or cumulative autonomic effects of 5\u2009G exposure can be reliably detected. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00\u201300, 2026. \u00a9 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:45:22Z","timestamp":1780645522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to 5G Radiofrequency and Physiological Effects in Healthy Young Adults: Insights Into Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Stress Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jamal","family":"Layla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM) Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2 Verneuil\u2010en\u2010Halatte France"},{"name":"P\u00e9riTox laboratory (UMR_I 01), INERIS\/UPJV INERIS Verneuil\u2010en\u2010Halatte 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