{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:51:18Z","timestamp":1788191478869,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectromagnetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Formal risk assessment considers characteristics such as proximity, dose, and vulnerability. However, public risk perception may also be influenced by other\u2014possibly less relevant\u2014factors such as visibility and novelty. The introduction of 5G and its associated infrastructure and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF\u2010EMF) may therefore change perceptions of RF\u2010EMF from mobile communications in general. To explore this, we conducted an online survey in 10 European countries (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910,358) using a picture\u2010based approach. Respondents perceived daily RF\u2010EMF exposures as moderate but expected them to increase with 5G. A mobile phone at the ear was generally associated with higher perceived exposure than multiple base stations. Overall, distance to the RF\u2010EMF source most strongly influenced perceived exposure, followed by the number of sources. 5G reception was linked to higher exposure perception than 4G or Wi\u2010Fi reception. These patterns were consistent across most countries. We conclude that when assessing RF\u2010EMF exposure, people rely on heuristics (e.g., more sources imply more exposure) that often guide them correctly. Understanding when and why people feel particularly exposed can help develop more effective communication about true levels of exposure and risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1780645247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Ten\u2010Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5995-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Link","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department for Social Sciences IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany"},{"name":"KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Science Communication Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7458-7479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Grellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9749-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Eggeling\u2010B\u00f6cker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Social Sciences IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Abacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Social Sciences IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Social Sciences IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Vaupoti\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew P.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Boehmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Social Sciences IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany"},{"name":"Aalen University Aalen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5267\/j.ijdns.2021.8.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Boehmert C. 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