{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T05:37:06Z","timestamp":1698212226269},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]],"date-time":"2006-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4652,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ber Wissenschaftsgesch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During early modern period Mediterranean people feared epidemics far more than war and other destructive activities. Where epidemics, especially the plague, struck, all communications broke down and trade just withered away. With the coming of the Knights of St. John in 1530 the Maltese Islands became increasingly important as an international boarding place in the very center of the Mediterranean. Soon the maritime development of the Order's State was enhanced by the high regard in which the Maltese Quarantine System was held by European countries in the 17th and 18th century. The aetiology of plague was then unknown and the restrictive measures adopted by the Maltese Quarantine System too were in accordance with the approved epidemiological practices and theories of the time. This article tries to single out the importance of the Maltese Quarantine as a kind of medical \u201cshield\u201d for the southern European countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bewi.19940170209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T23:10:13Z","timestamp":1161040213000},"page":"122-128","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Der Kampf gegen den \u201eSchwarzen Tod\u201d\ufe01. Quarant\u00e4ne und Epidemiebek\u00e4mpfung der fr\u00fchen Neuzeit im Mittelmeer aufgezeigt am Beispiel Maltas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Freller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","unstructured":"Vgl. in diesem Zusammenhang den \u00dcberblick von Dominic Cutajar\/Carmel Cassar: Malta's role in Mediterrranean affairs 1530\u20131699. In: Malta. Studies of its Heritage and History. Malta1986 S.105\u2013140."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Tats\u00e4chlich l\u00e4\u00dft sich auch in den Quarant\u00e4neregistern Maltas f\u00fcr die zweite H\u00e4lfte des 17. Jahrhunderts nur eine einzige politisch motivierte Abweisung eines t\u00fcrkischen Schiffes finden. Siehe National Library of Malta [zitiert als: NLM] Arch. 6526 f.65 (= 24. Mai 1660)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"Zum Beispiel der Pestepidemie auf Malta im Jahr 1676 vgl. ausf\u00fchrlich Joseph Micallef: The Plague of 1676 \u2014 11.300 deaths. Malta1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Siehe zur Einf\u00fchrung in diese Thematik das Standardwerk von Fernand Braudel: La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de Philippe II. Paris1949."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Siehe ausf\u00fchrlich die Studien von Karl Julius Beloch: Bev\u00f6lkerungsgeschichte Italiens. 3 Bde Berlin1937\u20131956."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"Vgl. hier im speziellen Pierre Chaunu: Europ\u00e4ische Kultur im Zeitalter des Barock. Frankfurt am Main1989 S.280."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume":"3","author":"Micallef J.","journal-title":"Anm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"Siehe neuerdings auchWilliam H.McNeill: Plagues and Peoples. London1979; Zum Beispiel Smyrnas etwa S.150f."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri: Voyage du Tour du monde. Paris1724 Bd 1 S.4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"Den nach wie vor fundiertesten \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die Malta erreichenden Epidemien gibt Paul Cassar: The Medical History of Malta. Malta1964; Zum Ph\u00e4nomen der Pest etwa S.172 f."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_3","unstructured":"\u2014 Zur speziellen Situation der zweiten H\u00e4lfte des 17. Jahrhunderts vgl. Dominic Cutajar: The Malta Quarantine: Shipping and Trade 1654\u20131694. In: Mid\u2010Med Bank Limited. Reports and Accounts.1987 S.23\u201366."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_4","unstructured":"Hinsichtlich des betreffenden Quellenmaterials der Quarant\u00e4neregister siehe NLM; Arch.6526."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bewi.19920150402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"Siehe NLM; Arch.6526 f.45."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"NLM; Arch.6526 f.17."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"= NLM; Arch.6526\u20136533"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"Vgl.PietroParisi: Avvertimenti sopra la peste. Pelermo1593 S.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"Vgl.P.Parisi(a): Avvertimenti sopra la peste. S.112f. und derselbe (b): Aggiunta agli avvertimenti sopra la peste. Palermo 1603 S.132f. 164f."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"169f.","volume":"16","author":"Parisi P.","journal-title":"Anm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"Siehe NLM; Arch.6531 f.544."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"Siehe NLM; Arch. 6532 f.250t."}],"container-title":["Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbewi.19940170209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bewi.19940170209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T14:14:05Z","timestamp":1698156845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bewi.19940170209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bewi.19940170209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bewi.19940170209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0170-6233","1522-2365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0170-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-09-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}