{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T12:35:15Z","timestamp":1764419715167,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ber Wissenschaftsgesch"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident underscored the crucial role of nuclear engineering experts. However, the specific arguments and motivations of scientists advocating for the introduction of foreign reactors remain unclear. This study delves into the contribution of Ry\u014dkichi Sagane (1905\u20131969), a prominent figure during their introduction, and analyzes the specifics of his arguments for the importation of reactors examining his motivations and background. Sagane, who studied nuclear physics in the U.S., gained expertise in nuclear experiments and became acquainted with American scientists. In the late 1950s, with the period of Japan's adoption of nuclear power, he understood the arguments of foreign and domestic experts and disseminated this information to the public. His claims for importation of reactors rested predominantly on the ground of economic and managerial rationality. Beyond mere rationalism, Sagane's drive for reactor introduction was rooted in international humanitarianism based on personal friendships that transcended national borders. The rhetoric of promoting nuclear power for the sake of humanity resonated with the nuclear energy policy of the U.S. during the early Cold War. However, unlike the motivation of the U.S. to suppress opposition to the development of nuclear weapons, Sagane's motivation arose from his scientific practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bewi.202400018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T06:15:16Z","timestamp":1744784116000},"page":"112-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic Rationality and International Humanitarianism: Ry\u014dkichi Sagane's Advocacy Regarding the Introduction of Foreign Nuclear Reactors to Japan**"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Inohana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)  Hayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_1","unstructured":"Alvarez Luis W. \u201cProfessor Ryokichi Sagane: Personal Recollections \u201d inSagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh[Collection of Writings to Commemorate Ryokichi Sagane] ed. Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsy\u016b Syuppankai (Tokyo: Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh\u016b Shuppankai 1981) 415\u2013422."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","unstructured":"Amaki Toshio Masa Takeuchi Eizo Tajima Goro Miyamoto and Fumio Yamazaki \u201cGenshikaku Kenkyu: Riken Jidai o chushin toshite [Nuclear Research with a Focus on the RIKEN Period] \u201d in Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh [Collection of Writings to Commemorate Ryokichi Sagane] ed. Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsy\u016b Syuppankai (Tokyo: Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh\u016b Shuppankai 1981) 125\u2013156."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","unstructured":"Asahi Shinbun Ch\u014dsakenky\u016b-shitsu (ed.) Genshiryoku Kaihatsu Mondai-no Kinky\u014d[Recent Nuclear Development Issues] (Tokyo: Asahishinbun Ch\u014dsakenky\u016b-shitsu 1956)."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins Harry and Robert Evans Rethinking Expertise(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press 2007).","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226113623.001.0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","first-page":"1151","article-title":"\u201cScientific Internationalism and the Weimar Physicists: The Ideology and Its Manipulation in Germany after World War I,\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Forman Paul","year":"1973","journal-title":"Isis"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","unstructured":"Fushimi Koji Jidai-no Sh\u014dgen: Genshi Kagakusya-no Sy\u014dwashi[Testimonies of the Times: A Sh\u014dwa History of Atomic Scientists] (Tokyo: Doubun Shoin 1989)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku Iinkai Sanyo, Senmon Iinsei-no Seirei oyobi Sanyo-no Kettei [Determination of Atomic Energy Commission Counselor and Expert Committee Member System Decree and Counselor],\u201d","volume":"1","author":"Genshiryoku Iinkai","year":"1956","journal-title":"Genshiryoku Iinkai Geppou"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamblin Jacob Darwin The Wretched Atom: America's Global Gamble with Peaceful Nuclear Technology(Oxford: Oxford University Press 2021).","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197526903.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilbron John L. and Robert W. Seidel Lawrence and His Laboratory: A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Lobolatory vol. 1 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1989).","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520341081"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1600-0498.12379"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","unstructured":"Kaya Seiji \u201cGakujutsu Kaigi-to Genshiryoku Kotohajime [Science Council and the Beginning of Nuclear Energy] \u201d inShimamura Genshiryoku Seisaku Kenky\u016bkai Shiry\u014d[Materials from the Shimamura Nuclear Policy Research Group] ed. Monbukagakush\u014d Kenky\u016bkaihatsukyoku Genshiryokukeikakuka (Tokyo: Monbukagakush\u014d Kenky\u016bkaihatsukyoku Genshiryokukeikakuka 2008): 25\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/18752160-2846105"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","unstructured":"Kingston Jeff \u201cJapan's Nuclear Village: Power and Resilience \u201d inCritical Issues in Contemporary Japan ed. 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Yomiuri Shinbun Syakaikagaku-bu (Tokyo: Takayama Shoin 1949a) 75\u201394."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Genshi Bakudan-no Hanashi[A Story of Atomic Bomb] (Tokyo: K\u014ddansya 1949b)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"\u201cKorega Genshiryoku Jidai [This Is the Nuclear Age],\u201d","volume":"61","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Sh\u016bkan Asahi"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku-to Seiji-no Aida [Between Nuclear Power and Politics],\u201d","volume":"34","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bungei Shunj\u016b"},{"issue":"449","key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"\u201cWaga Kuni-ni Okeru Genshiryoku K\u014dgy\u014d-no Sh\u014drai nitsuite [The Future of the Nuclear Industry in Japan],\u201d","volume":"59","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nihon Kikai Gakkaishi"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi \u201cGenshiryoku Kaihatsu-eno Ichi Mit\u014dshi [A Prospect for Nuclear Development] \u201d inGenshiryoku Kaihatsu Mondai-no Kinky\u014d[Recent Nuclear Development Issues] ed. Asahi Shinbun Ch\u014dsakenky\u016b Shitsu (Tokyo: Asahi Shinbun Ch\u014dsakenky\u016b Shitsu 1956d) 33\u201340."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku Sangy\u014d-no Genjou-to Syourai [Current Status and Future of the Nuclear Industry],\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nikka Geppou"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku Mondai-no Ins\u016bbunkai-to yos\u014d [Factoring and Forecasting Nuclear Issues],\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"D\u014dryoku"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi \u201cGenshiryoku Hatsuden: Nihon-no Genj\u014d-to Sekai Kakkoku [Nuclear Power: Japan's Current Situation and Other Countries Around the World] \u201d inAlps Series vol. 4 ed. Sh\u014dk\u014d Zaimu Kenky\u016bkai (Tokyo: Shoukou Zaimu Kenkyukai 1956\u2005g) 69\u201390."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku-no Kaihatsu-ni tuite [The Development of Nuclear Power],\u201d","volume":"4","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Keidanren Geppou"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi \u201c\u014cbei-no Genshiryoku Jij\u014d-to Hatsuden [Nuclear Energy Situation and Power Generation in the U.\u2005S. and Europe] \u201d inGaimusy\u014d Kokusai Ky\u014dryoku-kyoku Shiry\u014d: Genshiryoku Kankei Sh\u014dwa 32[Materials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs International Cooperation Bureau: Nuclear Affairs 1957] ed. Gaimusy\u014d Kokusai Ky\u014dryoku-kyoku (Tokyo: Gaimusy\u014d Kokusai Ky\u014dryoku-kyoku 1957a) 1\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi \u201cGenshiryoku-no Hanashi [A Story of Nuclear Power] \u201d inGenshiryoku-wa Kimitachi-de[Nuclear Power Is Up to You] ed. Nihon Genshiryoku Heiwa Kikin (Tokyo: Nihon Genshiryoku Heiwa Kikin 1957b) 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Genshiryoku-no Heiwa Riy\u014d[Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy] (Tokyo: Y\u016bsei K\u014dsei Kai 1958)."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_3_34_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"\u201cGenbaku-to Ry\u014dshin: Oppenhaim\u0101 [Atomic Bomb and Conscience: Oppenheimer],\u201d","volume":"45","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bungei Shunj\u016b"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_3_35_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"\u201cGenshiryoku o Megutte [On Nuclear Power],\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Kinzoku"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_1","unstructured":"Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsy\u016b Syuppankai (ed.) Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh[Collection of Writings to Commemorate Ryokichi Sagane] (Tokyo: Sagane Ry\u014dkichi Kinen Bunsh\u016b Shuppankai 1981)."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ssjj\/jyab026"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weart Spencer R. The Rise of Nuclear Fear(Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press 2012).","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674065062"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_1","unstructured":"Yamamoto Akihiro Kaku Enerugi Gensetsu-no Sengoshi 1945\u20131960[A Postwar History of Nuclear Energy Discourses 1945\u20131960] (Tokyo: Jinbun Shoin 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_1","unstructured":"Yomiuri Shinbunsya (ed.) 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