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Studies on the function of the hormonal form of vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, 1\u03b1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, have been greatly accelerated by the molecular cloning and structural analysis of the vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor, which is a ligand\u2010activated regulator of gene transcription. Molecular genetic techniques including genomics have helped reveal that 1\u03b1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> can control more than calcium homeostasis. It has widespread effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation, and can modulate immune responsiveness, and central nervous system function. Moreover, accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that 1\u03b1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> acts as a chemopreventive agent against several malignancies including cancers of the prostate and colon. Here, we survey the most\u2010recent findings and discuss their implications for the potential therapeutic uses of vitamin D analogues. BioEssays 26:21\u201328, 2004. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,24]],"date-time":"2003-12-24T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1072256430000},"page":"21-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["The pleiotropic actions of vitamin D"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Unraveling the enigma of vitamin D.Beyond Discovery National Academy of Sciences 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