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The expression patterns of these genes provide insight into the neuroanatomical areas that underlie learning. In recent years, there have been great strides in understanding the molecular and neuroanatomical basis for olfaction in insects. It is now clear that much of the association between the conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned stimuli in olfactory learning occurs within mushroom bodies \u2014 third order olfactory neurons within the central brain. In this review, we discuss the nature of the behavioral tasks, the molecules, and the neuronal circuits involved in olfactory learning in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>. BioEssays 23:571\u2013581, 2001. \u00a9 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,10]],"date-time":"2002-09-10T23:28:20Z","timestamp":1031700500000},"page":"571-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Molecular biology and anatomy of <i>Drosophila<\/i> olfactory associative learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gregg","family":"Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(99)01846-6","article-title":"Genetic approaches to memory storage","volume":"15","author":"Mayford M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Physiology and biochemistry of Drosophila learning mutants. 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