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While methylation and acetylation are the best\u2010characterized histone PTMs, citrullination by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs) represents another important player in this process. In addition to \u201cfine tuning\u201d chromatin structure at specific loci, histone citrullination can also promote rapid global chromatin decondensation during the formation of extracellular traps (ETs) in immune cells. Recent studies now show that PAD4\u2010mediated citrullination of histone H1 at promoter elements can also promote localized chromatin decondensation in stem cells, thus regulating the pluripotent state. 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