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Since the cluster of human infections with H5N1 influenza in Hong Kong in 1997, chickens have been recognized as the major source of avian influenza virus infection in humans. Although often severe, these infections have been limited in their subsequent human\u2010to\u2010human transmission, and the feared H5N1 pandemic has not yet occurred. Here we examine virus adaptations selected for during replication in chickens and other gallinaceous poultry. These include altered receptor binding and increased pH of fusion of the haemagglutinin as well as stalk deletions of the neuraminidase protein. This knowledge could aid the delivery of vaccines and increase our ability to prioritize research efforts on those viruses from the diverse array of avian influenza viruses that have greatest human pandemic potential.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Also watch the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/youtu.be\/UGQQSqxAg5Y\">Video Abstract<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,28]],"date-time":"2014-12-28T20:30:58Z","timestamp":1419798658000},"page":"204-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["One\u2010way trip: Influenza virus' adaptation to gallinaceous poultry may limit its pandemic potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Section of Virology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla T.","family":"Benfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy S.","family":"Barclay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Section of Virology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.062836-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.56.1.152-179.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00160-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/152.4_Pt_2.S16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90201-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90117-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(97)01468-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81771-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81800-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2014.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05546-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2014.Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO.http:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/human_animal_interface\/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives\/en\/. 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