{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:30:17Z","timestamp":1791423017171,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309064\u2010VIR4ENV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309064\u2010VIR4ENV"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The human pathogen <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> exhibits two distinct lifestyles: one in the aquatic environment where it often associates with chitinous surfaces and the other as the causative agent of the disease cholera. While much of the research on <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> has focused on the host\u2010pathogen interaction, knowledge about the environmental lifestyle of the pathogen remains limited. We recently showed that the polymer chitin, which is extremely abundant in aquatic environments, induces natural competence as a mode of horizontal gene transfer and that this competence regulon also includes the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a molecular killing device. Here, I discuss the putative consequences that chitin\u2010induced T6SS activation could have on intestinal colonization and how the transmission route might influence disease outcome. Moreover, I propose that common infant animal models for cholera might not sufficiently take into account T6SS\u2010mediated interbacterial warfare between <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> and the intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201500101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T12:03:55Z","timestamp":1441973035000},"page":"1163-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Competence\u2010induced type VI secretion might foster intestinal colonization by <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Blokesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Station 19, EPFL\u2010SV\u2010UPBLO Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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