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Such conversions require task\u2010specific macromolecular engines. We here argue that the same is not only true of life at its emergence; it is the enabling cause of that emergence; although here the external driving disequilibria, and the conversion engines needed must have been abiotic. We argue further that the initial step in life's emergence can only create an extremely simple non\u2010equilibrium \u201cseed\u201d from which all the complexity of life must then develop. We assert that this complexity develops incrementally and progressively, each step tested for value added \u201cin flight.\u201d And we make the case that only the submarine alkaline hydrothermal vent (AHV) model has the potential to satisfy these requirements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201700182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T05:39:44Z","timestamp":1530769184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Frankenstein or a Submarine Alkaline Vent: Who is Responsible for Abiogenesis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Elbert","family":"Branscomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Carl R. 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But the entropy (equivalently \u201cstate probability\u201d) of the universe in being destined inescapably to increase forever thereafter must then have been \u201cinfinitely small\u201d\u2014raising the question of whether the birth violated the 2nd law and also being seemingly at odds with the fact that the thermal entropy of the universe at birth was demonstrably maximal. Roger Penrose has struggled with this deep conundrum as perhaps no other.[37 38]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_140_1","unstructured":"About 20 photons must leave the \u2248300\u2009K Earth for every one that arrives from the \u22486000\u2009K sun and the entropy of a black\u2010body photon gas is proportional to the number of photons present: SBB\u221d Nphotons(seehttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Photon_gas). 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