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Through an interdependent relationship and an inherent ability to transmit and reciprocate stimuli in a bidirectional way, a human body or the holobiont secures growth, health, and reproduction. As such, the survival of a holobiont is dependent on the maintenance of biological order including metabolic homeostasis by tight regulation of the communication between its eukaryotic and prokaryotic residents. In this review an overview and perspective are provided on the bidirectional communication between microbes and their host in mutually nurturing biochemical, biological, and social interconnected relationships between the components of the holobiont. An emphasis is placed on exemplifying microbiome\u2010mediated effects on host functions\u2014aiming to integrate microbiome functionality to host physiology, be it health or disease. Nutrition, immunology, and sexual dimorphism have been traversed extensively to reflect on health and mind states, social interactions, and urbanization defects\/effects. Finally, examples of molecular mechanisms potentially orchestrating these complex transkingdom interactions are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T12:34:01Z","timestamp":1564749241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["When Cultures Meet: The Landscape of \u201cSocial\u201d Interactions between the Host and Its Indigenous Microbes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7303-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naama","family":"Geva\u2010Zatorsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC)  Efron Street, POB 9649 Bat Galim Haifa 3109601 Israel"},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) MaRS Centre  West Tower 661 University Ave., Suite 505 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Elinav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) MaRS Centre  West Tower 661 University Ave., Suite 505 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Weizmann Institute of Science  7610001 Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) MaRS Centre  West Tower 661 University Ave., Suite 505 Toronto ON M5G 1M1 Canada"},{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering  60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University  60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Science &amp; Society Karolinska Institute  Stockholm SE\u2010171 77 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218525110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201800268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2013.00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010529108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.1.256-263.1982","volume":"35","author":"Kornman K. 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