{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:49:30Z","timestamp":1791388170311,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20101845686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20101845686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex chromosomes can differ between species as a result of evolutionary turnover, a process that can be driven by evolution of the sex determination pathway. Canonical models of sex chromosome turnover hypothesize that a new master sex determining gene causes an autosome to become a sex chromosome or an XY chromosome pair to switch to a ZW pair (or vice versa). Here, a novel paradigm for the evolution of sex determination and sex chromosomes is presented, in which there is an evolutionary transition in the master sex determiner, but the X chromosome remains unchanged. There are three documented examples of the novel paradigm, and it is hypothesized that a similar process could happen in a ZW sex chromosome system. Three other taxa are also identified where the novel paradigm may have occurred, and how it could be distinguished from canonical trajectories in these and additional taxa is also described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T08:11:35Z","timestamp":1594368695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evolution of Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes: A Novel Alternative Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"Meisel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston  3455 Cullen Blvd Houston TX 77204\u20105001 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2687"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10207"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.4.1.11277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms","author":"Bull J. J.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199657148.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.27.120193.000443"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.834100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2011.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2948"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-011-9266-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.116.033423"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esw053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Studies in Spermatogenesis With Especial Reference to the \u201cAccessory Chromosome\u201d","author":"Stevens N. M.","year":"1905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a017681","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017681","volume":"6","author":"Doorn G. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.215509.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0721-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3417937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182314699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.075598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.137497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.020115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5498"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1977.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.109249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.114.014795"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65700-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000223072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505291112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017058119760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.103580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102209-163600"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2011.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.117.300187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002798"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.132100.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2013.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evx154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-112414-055311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1312947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00606-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","volume-title":"WormBook","author":"Zarkower D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf5605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47490"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14251"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905298116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9100480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3723-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06517-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.068247"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.115.021543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12891"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/674026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.156.3774.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2009.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3948.888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/21.4.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.10.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12042-007-9005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1400196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esw047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284701"}],"container-title":["BioEssays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbies.201900212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.201900212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bies.201900212","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/bies.201900212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bies.201900212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T19:58:49Z","timestamp":1693857529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bies.201900212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bies.201900212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201900212","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-9247","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-1878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1900212"}}