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Till now, the questions of why the ACoA evolved, and what its physiological function is, have remained unsatisfactorily answered. The traditional view\u2014that the ACoA serves as a collateral source of vascularization in case of arterial stenosis\u2014is anthropocentric, and not in accordance with principles of natural selection that apply more generally. Diseases underlying arterial stenosis are associated with aging and the human lifestyle, so this cannot explain why the ACoA formed hundreds of millions of years ago and persisted in amniotes to this day.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The peculiar hemodynamic properties of the ACoA could be selected traits that allowed for more efficient forebrain detection of dehydration and complex behavioral responses to water loss, a major advantage in the survival of early amniotes. This hypothesis also explains insufficient hydration often seen in elderly humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T10:01:42Z","timestamp":1605520902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The circle of Willis revisited: Forebrain dehydration sensing facilitated by the anterior communicating artery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Matija","family":"Fenrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Faculty of Medicine J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek  Osijek Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlo","family":"Habjanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Faculty of Medicine J. J. 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