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Here we detail our method for detecting the consumption of mothers\u2019 milk and exploring health history through the use of laser ablation\u2010inductively coupled plasma\u2010mass spectrometry (LA\u2010ICP\u2010MS) mapping of sectioned nonhuman primate teeth. Calcium\u2010normalized barium and lead concentrations in tooth enamel and dentine may reflect milk and formula consumption with minimal modification during subsequent tooth mineralization, particularly in dentine. However, skeletal resorption during severe illness, and bioavailable metals in nonmilk foods, can complicate interpretations of nursing behavior. We show that explorations of the patterning of multiple elements may aid in the distinction of these important etiologies. Targeted studies of skeletal chemistry, gastrointestinal maturation, and the dietary bioavailability of metals are needed to optimize these unique records of human health and behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T18:29:37Z","timestamp":1615832977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Teeth reveal juvenile diet, health and neurotoxicant exposure retrospectively: What biological rhythms and chemical records tell us"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution Griffith University  Nathan Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research Griffith University  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland  Saint Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Durham University  Durham Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511894916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139979597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Evolution's bite: a story of teeth, diet, and human origins","author":"Ungar P. 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