{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:05:25Z","timestamp":1788318325817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vertebrate retina is said to be inverted because the photoreceptors are oriented in the posterior direction and are thus unable to maximize photodetection under conditions of low illumination. The tapetum lucidum is a photoreflective structure located posterior to the photoreceptors in the eyes of some fish and terrestrial animals. The tapetum reflects light forward, giving incident photons a \u201csecond chance\u201d to collide with a photoreceptor, substantially enhancing retinal photosensitivity in dim light. Across vertebrates (and arthropods), there are a wide variety of tapeta that vary in structure, chemical composition, and even tissue architecture, indicating repeated convergent evolution. To date, the tapetum has not been observed in any cephalopod, however, which also possess a camera\u2010like eye, but with the retinal photoreceptors oriented in the anterior direction. We therefore hypothesize that the tapetum lucidum is a compensatory adaptation for the suboptimal design of the inverted retina of vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202200003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T02:34:11Z","timestamp":1661567651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The glow of the night: The tapetum lucidum as a co\u2010adaptation for the inverted retina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Vee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Book University The State University of New York  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Barclay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Highline College  Des Moines Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan H.","family":"Lents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences John Jay College, The City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-121820-074736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2517\/2016PR022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icv049"},{"issue":"718","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The retina of cephalopods and its degeneration after optic nerve section","volume":"245","author":"Young J. 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