{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:42:07Z","timestamp":1759941727462,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioEssays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactase persistence\/persistent (LP), the ability to express the lactase enzyme in adults, is one of the most strongly selected phenotypes in humans. It is encoded by at least five genetic variants that have rapidly become widespread in various human populations. The underlying selective mechanism is not clear however, because dairy products in general are well tolerated in adults, even by lactase non\u2010persistence\/persistent (LNP) individuals. Cultural adaptations to milk consumption, notably fermentation and transformation, which can provide most of the energy (protein, fat) to both LP and LNP individuals without any associated cost seem to have been common in ancient societies. Here, we propose that selection for LP occurred through increased glucose\/galactose (energy) from fresh milk intake in early childhood, a crucial period for growth. At the age of weaning indeed, lactase activity has already begun to decline in LNP individuals so the gain in energy from fresh milk by LP children represents a major fitness increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202200243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T22:35:46Z","timestamp":1681943746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proposed mechanism for the selection of lactase persistence in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Fabre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"APHM, Timone Enfant Service de p\u00e9diatrie multidisciplinaire  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM MMG  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre hospitalier Edmond Garcin  Aubagne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eco\u2011Anthropologie (EA), Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS Universit\u00e9 de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Guerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Grow Scientific  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Segurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1  Villeurbanne France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439\u2010017\u20101847\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000742"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020682\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005010\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409091739"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016\u20105085(98)70429\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31805b5899"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23126"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Premiers cris, premi\u00e8res nourritures","author":"Kaupov\u00e1 S.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Premiers cris, premi\u00e8res nourritures","author":"Waters\u2010Rist A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"Becdeli\u00e8vre C.(2020).Ecology and ethology of human populations living in the Danube Gorges ca. 9500\u20105500 BC: Bioarchaeological perspectives on dietary behaviors and adaptive strategies during the mesolithic and neolithic transformations[\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0442].https:\/\/nardus.mpn.gov.rs\/handle\/123456789\/17795"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24591"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704412114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2021.106843"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.2001.0725"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101572\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17585716.2021.1956051"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176\u2010198705000\u201000011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"The practical significance of lactose maldigestion in institutionalised black children","volume":"79","author":"Wittenberg D. 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